Ichthyology
The study of fish
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ichthyology | The study of fish |
| Phylum chordata characteristics | Dorsal hollow nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, tail |
| Class Agnatha | Jawless Fish (Lamprey/Hagfish) |
| Class Chondricthyes | Elasmobranchs, Cartilaginous (Sharks/Rays) |
| Elasmobranch characteristics | Cartilage skeleton, gill slits, jaws, paired fins |
| Class Osteichthyes | Teleosts/Bony fish (Trout/Salmon) |
| Bony fish characteristics | Gills,scales,bone |
| Pelagic | Live in upper water |
| Benthic | Live on the seabed |
| Demersal | Live just above seabed |
| Fusiform | Streamlined shape of most bony fish |
| Laterally compressed | Flattened from side to side, occurs in most reef fish |
| Depressiform | Flattened from top to bottom, most flatfish |
| Cycloid/ctenoid scales | Common scales in most bony fish |
| Circuli | Ring-like ridged scales |
| Annuli | Groups of circuli formed each winter, which age can be determined by |
| Operculum | Bony flap which protects gills |
| Superior mouth position | Surface feeder |
| Terminal mouth position | Omnivore, middle feeder |
| Inferior mouth position | Bottom feeder |
| Location of peduncle | Muscular part of tail between dorsal and caudal fin |
| Function of caudal fin | Locomotion and manoeuvring |
| Function of pectoral fins | Steering and braking |
| Function of swim bladder | Flotation/ buoyancy |
| Pyloric caeca | Pouch-like extensions which increase surface area for digestion/absorption |
| How many divisions of fish are there? | 3 (Jawless, Bony, Cartilaginous) |
| Claspers | Male reproductive organ in elasmobranchs which transfers sperm |
| Oviparity | Birth embryos in an egg sac |
| Viviparity | Give birth to live young |
| Detritus feeders | Organisms which feed on decomposed organic material e.g sturgeon |
| Gill filaments | Thin projections used for gas exchange |
| Gill rakers | Used to protect gills and contribute in feeding |
| Gill lamellae | Made up of primary and secondary gill filaments |
| Spiracles | Holes in heads of Elasmobranchs which lead to gills |
| RAM ventilation | When a fish must keep moving to keep a constant flow of water over the gills (sharks) |
| Main parts of fish nervous system | Brain, spinal chord, nerves |
| Afferent arteries | Going to gills, low in oxygen |
| Efferent arteries | Goes away from gills, high in oxygen |
| Anterior cardinal | Vein which brings blood from head |
| Posterior cardinal | Vein which brings blood from rest of body |
| Fish white blood cell types | Lymphocytes, leukocytes |
| Fish red blood cells | Erythrocytes |
| Function of the lateral line | Sensory system which picks up on vibrations in the surrounding water column |
| Most prominent characteristic of bivalves | Double hinged shell |
| Umbo | First part of bivalve shell to develop |
| Adductor muscles | Powerful muscles which keep the shell of a bivalve closed |
| Mantle | Soft tissue layer which covers the body of a bivalve |
| Gill type examples | Protobranch, filibranch |
| Function of labial palps | Sort food prior to entering |
| Retractor muscles function | Operate the animal's foot |
| Function of the crystalline style | Grinds/churns food in the stomach |
| Function of the gills | Gas exchange |
| Haemolymph | Blood-like fluid which transports nutrients, gases and waste |
| How many heart chambers do bivalves have? | 3 |
| Types of ganglia of the nervous system | Pedal, cerebroplural, visceral |
| Sensory system organs | Ocelli, statocysts |
| How long is the pelagic life stage of mussels | 30 days |
| Byssal threads | Structures that fasten a mussel to the substrate |
| Hermaphroditic | When an organism alternates between male and female throughout it's life |
| Name of shellfish larvae after the trochophore stage | Veliger larvae |