PSY 120 Chapter 10 (Motivation)

Created by Jenet Leyva

Anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise

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TermDefinition
Anorexia nervosa eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise
Bariatric surgerytype of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed
Basolateral complex part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory
Binge Eating Disorder type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating and associated distress
Bisexual emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to those of the same gender or to those of another gender
Body Language emotional expression through body position or movement
bulimia nervosatype of eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Cannon-Bard theory of emotionphysiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time
central nucleuspart of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity
cognitive-mediational theoryour emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus
components of emotionphysiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience
cultural display ruleone of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable
distorted body imageindividuals view themselves as overweight even though they are not
drive theorydeviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis
emotionsubjective state of being often described as feelings
excitementphase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal
extrinsic motivationmotivation that arises from external factors or rewards
facial feedback hypothesisfacial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions
gender dysphoriadiagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who experience enduring distress as a result of their gender identity not aligning with their sex assigned at birth
gender identityindividual’s sense of being male, female, neither of these, both of these, or another gender
habitpattern of behavior in which we regularly engage
heterosexualemotional, romantic, and/or erotic attractions to opposite-sex individuals
hierarchy of needsspectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization
instinctspecies-specific pattern of behavior that is unlearned
intrinsic motivationmotivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards
James-Lange theory of emotionemotions arise from physiological arousal
leptinsatiety hormone
metabolic rateamount of energy that is expended in a given period of time
motivationwants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal
obeseadult with a BMI of 30 or higher
orgasmpeak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)
overweightadult with a BMI between 25 and 29.9
plateauphase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm
polygraphlie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions
refractory periodtime immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm
resolutionphase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state
satiationfullness; satisfaction
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotionemotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive
self-efficacyindividual’s belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task
set point theoryassertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change
severe obesityadult with a BMI over 40
sexual orientationemotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to other people or no people
sexual response cycledivided into 4 phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
transgender hormone therapyuse of hormones to make one’s body look more like a different sex or gender
Yerkes-Dodson lawsimple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower