Medieval Christian Iconography

Created by Audrey A

Nave
The central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. Typically, rectangular.

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TermDefinition
NaveThe central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. Typically, rectangular.
ApseA large semicircular recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof. Typically at the eastern end and usually containing the altar.
Transept(in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave.
AtriumThe open place or court before a church. it consisted of a large quadrangle with colonnaded walks on its four sides forming a portico or cloister. Situated between the porch/vestibule and the body of the church.
NarthexAn antechamber, porch, or distinct area at the western entrance of a church; This is where those who were not yet Christians would stand.
Nave arcade/colonnadeA row of arches and their supporting columns that separates the nave from the side aisles.
ClerestoryHigh section of wall that contains windows above eye level, typically to admit light and improve ventilation.
AmbulatoryA covered walkway or passageway that encircles the apse or choir of church. Serves as a processional way that improves traffic flow and provides access to sacred relics and shrines.
BasilicaRectangular hall, on a long axis, with clerestory lighting for central space. Built with several parallel aisles separated by rows of columns ending in a semi-circular structure, the apse.
Martyria (loca sancta)Church or shrine built over the tomb of a martyr. Typically with a central or circular plan and thus centered on a central element.
central-plan buildingsType of architectural design where the floor plan is symmetrical around a central point. Thus, often circular. Creates a sense of unity in the space.
Neutral IconographyNeutral imagery that may be used by any persons, not necessarily attached to religious meaning.
BucolicRelating to countryside or pastoral life.
ParadisiacRelating to paradise
PhilosopherTypically bearded older man. Barechested. Signifies wisdom.
OranteFigure with arms outstretched; Piety
Retrospective BiographicalRegarding an individual's life story that occurred in the past.
Prospective AfterlifeConcept of continued existence beyond death. Just afterlife.
Signitive IconographyThe study of the classification, description, interpretation of imagery.
PrefigurationThe depiction of Old Testament persons and events as prophetic forerunners of Christ and New Testament events.
TypologyClassification of something based on shared characteristics. Study and interpretation of types and symbols in the Bible.
AnnunciationBiblical event where angel Gabriel informed Mary that she will conceive Jesus.
InterlaceDecorative motifs characterized by intricate, overlapping designs.
Figure-ground ambiguityThe distinction between the subject of an image and background is unclear or can be interpreted in multiple ways. EX: M.C. Escher
Dotted BandsPossibly referring to pointillism
Color AlternationRepetition of 2 or more contrasting elements. This creates a rhythm or pattern.
Good ShepherdCan mean philanthropy, but typically relates to Jesus as the "Good Shepherd", guiding human souls (sheep).