central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | motor neurons and sensory neurons |
| somatic nervous system | controls voluntary movement |
| autonomic nervous system | controls involuntary movement |
| are the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems under somatic NS or autonomic NS | autonomic NS |
| glial cell | removes waste, insulates, provides nutrients to neurons |
| oligodendrocyte and schwann cell | type of glial cell in peripheral NS that produces myelin sheath around axon |
| brain blood barriers | allows or does not allow molecules to pass through / wider at night |
| axon hillock | where axon meets cell body / combines information and produces neural impulse |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs control facial expression come from hindbrain |
| ventricles | cavities that synthesize cerebral spinal fluid, process information and remove waste |
| regulates para and sympathetic nervous system balance | hypothalamus |
| meninges | filter cerebral spinal fluid and physically protect brain |
| 3 layers of meninges | duramater (outer) arachnoid (middle) pia mater (inner) |
| hindbrain | medulla, cerebellum and pons |
| forebrain | cerebral cortex / thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
| midbrain | tectum and tegmentum |
| basal ganglia | motor activity |
| medulla | respiration, cardiovascular (survival operations) |
| PONS | clumps of neurons send one neurotransmitter to forebrain regions |
| norepinephrine | monoamine cell group part of RAS in PONS |
| cerebellum | posture, vestibular function and voluntary movement |
| tectum | midbrain "roof" sensory processing |
| tegmentum | midbrain "basement" dopamine production |
| parkinson's | loss of substanta nigra (part of tegmentum) cells |
| hypothalamus | regulates hunger/thirst/sleep, pituitary gland and integrates info from body and brain |
| thalamus | sensory gateway |
| limbic system | generates emotion and links to cognition |
| amygdala | central limbic system structure |
| temporal summation | repeated stimuli has cumulative effect on neuron communication |
| spatial summation | synaptic inputs from different locations have cumulative effect on nueron communication |
| nerve impulse | movement of action potential along neuron |
| synapse | where two neurons chemically communicate |
| more neuron spines indicate | more neuroplasticity / enrichment less spines can indicate schizophrenia |
| psychopharm | studies neurotransmitters and addiction |
| vesicles | package for neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholine | neurochemical responsible for muscle contraction, learning & memory and arousal & attention blocked by botox |
| cerebral dialysis | collects samples through filter-probe and analyzed with chromatography |