central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

motor neurons and sensory neurons

somatic nervous system

controls voluntary movement

autonomic nervous system

controls involuntary movement

are the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems under somatic NS or autonomic NS

autonomic NS

glial cell

removes waste, insulates, provides nutrients to neurons

oligodendrocyte and schwann cell

type of glial cell in peripheral NS that produces myelin sheath around axon

brain blood barriers

allows or does not allow molecules to pass through / wider at night

axon hillock

where axon meets cell body / combines information and produces neural impulse

cranial nerves

12 pairs control facial expression come from hindbrain

ventricles

cavities that synthesize cerebral spinal fluid, process information and remove waste

regulates para and sympathetic nervous system balance

hypothalamus

meninges

filter cerebral spinal fluid and physically protect brain

3 layers of meninges

duramater (outer) arachnoid (middle) pia mater (inner)

hindbrain

medulla, cerebellum and pons

forebrain

cerebral cortex / thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

midbrain

tectum and tegmentum

basal ganglia

motor activity

medulla

respiration, cardiovascular (survival operations)

PONS

clumps of neurons send one neurotransmitter to forebrain regions

norepinephrine

monoamine cell group part of RAS in PONS

cerebellum

posture, vestibular function and voluntary movement

tectum

midbrain "roof" sensory processing

tegmentum

midbrain "basement" dopamine production

parkinson's

loss of substanta nigra (part of tegmentum) cells

hypothalamus

regulates hunger/thirst/sleep, pituitary gland and integrates info from body and brain

thalamus

sensory gateway

limbic system

generates emotion and links to cognition

amygdala

central limbic system structure

temporal summation

repeated stimuli has cumulative effect on neuron communication

spatial summation

synaptic inputs from different locations have cumulative effect on nueron communication

nerve impulse

movement of action potential along neuron

synapse

where two neurons chemically communicate

more neuron spines indicate

more neuroplasticity / enrichment less spines can indicate schizophrenia

psychopharm

studies neurotransmitters and addiction

vesicles

package for neurotransmitter

acetylcholine

neurochemical responsible for muscle contraction, learning & memory and arousal & attention blocked by botox

cerebral dialysis

collects samples through filter-probe and analyzed with chromatography