monomer

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

polymer

composed of many monomers; make up macromolecule monomer-- polymer-- macromolecule

Carbohydrates

Provide fast acting energy and structural Carbon, hydrogen, oxegen Ex: Bread

Lipids

- carbon and hydrogen - nonpolar - saturated and unsaturated fats

Saturated fatty acids

- single bonds - solid at room temp - Chocolate

Unsaturated fatty acids

- double bonds - Liquid at room temp - olive oil

Nucleic acids

- store and transmit genetic info - Ex: DNA and RNA

Proteins

- monomer- amino acid - polypeptides are arranged with respect to one another

Protein structure

- Primary- sequence of amino acids - Secondary- folding or coiling of protein - Tertiary - complete 3D arrangement of polypeptide - Quaternary - only found in proteins of more than 1 chain

Enzymes

- Activation energy - catalyst - protein catalyst speeds up a specific biological reaction

Activation energy

energy needed to start a reaction

Catalyst

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Effect of enzymes

- lowers EA(little a) which is the activation energy

Describe the enzyme substrate relationship

Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. This reduces energy needed for the reaction. The substrate binds to the enzymes active site.

How are enzymes regulated

They are essential in chemical pathways, making materials that cells need, releasign energy and transferring info. Most work best at 37C and have a specific pH

energy absorbing enzyme graph

- starts lower but ends higher

energy relasing enzyme graph

starts in the middle and goes to the bottom