What were the reasons Scots signed up to join the army?

Propaganda, Pals Battalions, Peer Pressure, Patriotism, Moral Obligation, white feathers

What were the elements of life in the trenches?

Food, pests, shell shock, gas, fear, trench foot

What tactics were used in the War?

Trenches, artillery barrage, infantry advances, war at sea, British blockade, aerial warfare

What are key facts about gas as a weapon?

Created a sense of vulnerability, capable of disorientating or killing enemy soldiers, caused panic and confusion, wind could blow it towards own soldiers, gas-filled shells made targeting easier, gas masks were made to protect soldiers.

What are key facts about tanks?

Provided defensive cover, used to destroy barbed wire, very slow, often got stuck in mud, crews often got sick, armed with guns.

What are key facts about machine guns?

400-600 bullets per minute, could kill large numbers quickly, good at suppressing advances, heavy and not easily moved, needed constant ammunition supply, prone to overheating.

What are key facts about artillery?

Large powerful guns firing explosive shells, positioned behind front lines, used to weaken defenses, required skilled gunners, caused more casualties than any other weapon, could be heard

What are key facts about aircraft during the War?

Used for reconnaissance, engaged in dog-fights, had guns added later, carried bombs, countered by anti-aircraft artillery, zeppelins used in bombing raids.

What restrictions were introduced by DORA?

Workers forbidden from striking, alcohol restrictions, curfews, restricted movement around railways, restricted goods, foreigners had to register.

Why was DORA introduced?

To give government control during the war, control of industry, censoring newspapers, rationing, conscription, control of land for food production.

Why did people dislike DORA?

Anger at life changes, concerns over censorship, belief it gave the government too much power, some rules seen as unnecessary.

Why was rationing introduced?

German blockade, panic buying, loss of farm workers, inflation, propaganda to reduce waste, allotments for food production.

What were different types of Women's War Work?

Munitions factories, farming, police, transport, nurses, armed forces.

How did women's roles change during the War?

Did men's jobs, greater societal freedom, increased financial independence, trained in new jobs, gained the vote.

How did propaganda help the war effort?

Increased patriotism, encouraged enlistment, built hatred for the enemy, maintained morale, targeted women for support, helped people to waste less.

What are key facts about conscription?

Introduced due to casualties, first act in January 1916, targeted single men 18-41, exemptions for certain groups, later included married men.

Why did people become conscientious objectors?

Moral grounds, belief in negotiation over fighting, religious beliefs, political views, absolutists refused to help the war effort.

How were conscientious objectors treated?

Attacked, taken to court, labeled cowards, imprisoned, sometimes killed.

What impacts did casualties have in Scotland?

Pals battalions devastated towns, veterans disrupted memorials, many veterans suffered post-war.

What were reserved occupations during the war?

Doctors, farmers, utility workers, dock workers, miners, merchant seamen.

Which industries did well during the war?

Jute, coal, steel/munitions, agriculture, shipbuilding, engineering.

Why did munitions industry decline after the war?

Reduced need for munitions, competition from foreign shipyards, decreased coal demand, new farming machinery.

Impact of the great war on fishing and agriculture?

- overfishing near land (north sea cut off due to fighting) - over seas fish trade with Germany + Russia never recovered - fishing vessels taken for war work (difficulties due to conditions afterwards) - Britain needed to grow food due to germans naval blockade - wages increased for farmers - machinery made during the war because horses were gone helped with farming but meant that less farmers were needed after the war

Why did the shipbuilding industry decline after the war?

Scotland's shipyards - especially on the Clyde - had to compete with other countries, leading to fewer orders

Why did the jute industry decline after the war?

The jute industry in Dundee went into decline due to cheaper or alternative cloth being available from India or Japan.

Why did the coal industry decline after the war?

Other countries could also mine their own coal, and British mines lost out because it was harder to sell coal abroad during the war. Coal also suffered because other sources of energy - like electricity - started to be used. Scotland's geography created problems as most of Scotland was not connected to the electricity grid, making it hard to power factories.

Why did the iron industry decline after the war?

Countries like the USA and Germany produced iron at a much cheaper rate than Scotland.

Which industries grew in the 1920s?

Car manufacturing, energy, luxury goods, insurance, paper and printing.

What were the reasons women gained the vote?

Petitioning, work during the war, publicity, propaganda, lobbying, forming connections.

What tactics did suffragists use?

Petitions, lobbying, seeking MP support, producing leaflets, peaceful campaign methods.

What tactics did suffragettes use?

Motto 'Deeds not Words', slashed paintings, chained to buildings, hunger strikes, arson attacks, propaganda, attacked MP's.

What are facts about the rent strikes?

Happened in major cities, housing shortages, landlords raised rent, women organized resistance.

How was voting changed in 1918?

All men over 21 could vote, women over 30 could vote, franchise widened by 8 million.

What were facts about housing in Scotland at the end of the war?

Overcrowding, Addison Act aimed for councils to build 500,000 homes, Chamberlain Act encouraged private funding, Wheatley Act built quality homes, acts led government to be involved with housing as a social service