What is Affection?

The interpersonal need to give and receive love, warmth, and emotional support.

What is Inclusion?

The interpersonal need to belong, be accepted, and participate in groups.

What is Control?

The interpersonal need to influence situations, make decisions, and have a sense of responsibility.

What is External Noise?

Environmental distractions that interfere with communication, such as sounds, smells, or visual disturbances.

What is Physiological Noise?

Physical conditions that interfere with communication, such as hunger, fatigue, pain, or illness.

What is Psychological Noise?

Mental and emotional distractions that interfere with communication, such as stress, anger, embarrassment, or anxiety.

What is Self-Awareness?

Understanding who you are through self-analysis and self-reflection.

What is Self-Concept?

The relatively stable set of perceptions a person has about themselves.

What is Self-Esteem?

The evaluation of one's own self-worth.

What is Reflected Appraisal?

The process of forming a self-concept based on how we believe others see us.

What is Social Comparison?

Evaluating yourself by comparing yourself to other people.

What is an Ego Booster?

Someone who increases your self-esteem by making you feel accepted, competent, and worthwhile.

What is an Ego Buster?

Someone who decreases your self-esteem through negative treatment or criticism.

What is the Perceived Self?

The person you believe yourself to be during honest self-examination.

What is the Presenting Self?

The image you choose to show others.

What is Identity Management?

The process of creating and maintaining the identities we present to others.

What are the characteristics of Identity Management?

It involves multiple identities, is collaborative, and can be deliberate or unconscious.

What is the Open Area?

Information known by both yourself and others.

What is the Hidden Area?

Information known to yourself but not shared with others.

What is the Blind Area?

Information others know about you but you do not know about yourself.

What is the Unknown Area?

Information unknown to both yourself and others.

How does self-disclosure affect the Johari Window?

It increases the Open Area by reducing the Hidden Area.

How does feedback affect the Johari Window?

It increases the Open Area by reducing the Blind Area.

What is Perception?

The process of assigning meaning to experiences and the world around us.

What is a Stereotype?

A predictive generalization about a group based on the assumption that all members are the same.

Why are stereotypes harmful?

They ignore individual differences and often lead to inaccurate judgments.

What is Ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

What is Emotional Intelligence (EI)?

The ability to understand and manage your emotions while being sensitive to the emotions of others.

What is Self-Awareness (EI)?

Recognizing and understanding your own emotions.

What is Self-Regulation?

Managing emotions appropriately rather than reacting impulsively.

What is Motivation?

Using emotions to pursue goals and remain persistent.

What is Empathy?

Understanding and sharing the feelings of another person.

What are People Skills?

The ability to build and maintain positive relationships.

What are Facilitative Emotions?

Emotions that contribute to effective functioning and communication.

What are Debilitative Emotions?

Emotions that interfere with effective functioning and communication.

What is Rumination?

Repeatedly dwelling on negative thoughts and feelings.

What is the Perfection Fallacy?

The belief that you must perform flawlessly and never make mistakes.

What is the Approval Fallacy?

The belief that you need everyone else's approval to be worthwhile.

What is the Shoulds Fallacy?

The belief that life and people should always behave according to your expectations.

What is Overgeneralization?

Drawing broad negative conclusions from a single event.

What is the Causation Fallacy?

Assuming that others are responsible for your emotions or problems.

What is the Helplessness Fallacy?

The belief that you have little or no control over your circumstances.

What are Catastrophic Expectations?

Expecting the worst possible outcome regardless of evidence.

What is Abstract Language?

Language that summarizes ideas but lacks specific detail.

What is Concrete Language?

Specific language that provides detailed and precise information.

What is Ambiguous Language?

Language that can have multiple meanings or interpretations.

What is Relative Language?

Language whose meaning depends on comparison or context.

Give an example of Relative Language.

Words such as "expensive," "cheap," "soon," "large," or "small."

What is Emotive Language?

Language designed to create emotional reactions in listeners or readers.

Why can Emotive Language influence perception?

Because it evokes feelings that can affect how people interpret messages.

What is an "I" Statement?

A statement that expresses feelings while taking responsibility for them. Example: "I feel frustrated when meetings begin late."

Why are "I" Statements effective?

They reduce blame and encourage constructive communication.

What is an Inclusive "We" Statement?

Language that emphasizes cooperation and shared responsibility. Example: "We can solve this problem together."

What is an Exclusive "We" Statement?

Language that separates one group from another. Example: "We understand the issue, but you don't."

What is Inclusive Language?

Language that makes people feel welcomed, respected, and part of a group.

What is Exclusive Language?

Language that separates, isolates, or excludes people from a group.

Why can "But" Statements be problematic?

The word "but" often cancels or weakens the positive message that comes before it.

Example of a problematic "But" Statement?

"You did a good job, but you made several mistakes."

What is a better alternative to "but"?

Use "and" to maintain a more constructive tone. Example: "You did a good job, and here are some ways to improve."