Jesus' students

Were imperfect, slow learners, self-centered, unexperienced, unprofessional, and impressionable, just as my future students will be.

Jesus' Characteristics as a teacher

He embodied His message, was comfortable with all kinds of people, compassionate, firm in His identity/goals (self-concept), and He knew HIs learners, which He used to help teach

Teaching principles Jesus used

Established relationship, began where the students were at, continually directed by his goal, worked on the conscience of the learner, emphasized action more than just knowledge, and He stressed the long term

Content

1/3 C's to Jesus as the master teacher, He taught from the overflow of full life, knowing His content

Compassion

1/3 C's, Jesus was understanding, sympathetic, and had a soft heart (with thick skin)

Character

1/3 C's of Jesus as the master teacher, He was willing to do what it took to make a difference

What 6 teaching methods did Jesus use when teaching?

Objects, questions, stories, discussion, lecture, and reports

CIA of Education

Curriculum, instruction, assessment

Curriculum

the knowledge, skills, and content of a course

Educationally left

Conservative

Educationally right

liberal

Curriculum Spectrum

Note that left is conservative, and right is liberal, though this doesn't always reflect political stances

Prenilaism

teaches the classics, teacher holds knowledge, and it's the students' job to come to that level of knowledge

Essentialism

Essential things, the three Rs are taught. (Reading, Writing, Arithmetic) The teacher is seen as a funnel, and students receive information passively

Progressivism

Standards based, but they have a high focus on the student. Teacher serves as the guide, but the student must be actively engaged.

Social Reconstruction

total student driven curriculum, and teachers serve as checkpoint

Most public schools fall between

essentialism and progressivism

Private, home, and classical education fall ______

anywhere on the spectrum of curriculum

Hidden curriculum

Norms and values that are taught, though not part of curriculum - raising hands, accepting "i don't know" as an answer

Null curriculum

Things that aren't taught, but are "caught" - race relations, peer interaction, school culture; can be positive or negative

The main difference between Null and Hidden Curriculum is ____

hidden is something you want to happen, while null just happens

Patterns of curriculum design

- Subject area (separated by subject) - integrated (all subjects connect) - core curriculum (looks at main things of course only) - student-centered (student designs what happens)

PA Standards

include anchors, benchmarks, and eligible content

Anchor in PA Standards

a main point set within a standard

Benchmark in PA standards

key points that students are tested on

Eligible content in PA standards

smaller points that are tested

PA Common Core

process-based standards - less about knowing specific facts, but the processes to get there

Keystone Standards

end of course exams used to prove content knowledge

instruction

The I of the CIA of teaching; how content is taught

Inquiry and Problem Solving

students recognize problem and solve problem - teachers guide students down that path

Critical thinking

5-step process for students to work through an issue with the teacher guiding 1. perception 2. analysis 3. reflection 4. synthesis 5. action

Cooperative learning

working in small groups to complete an assignment/task

Problem based learning

organizes curriculum and instruction around a real-world problem

Direct instruction

formal lectures, scripted curriculum, and teacher-led discussions

Mastery learning

Madeline Hunter's 7 steps for instruction OR teachers present material until they know students understand with 80% accuracy

Assessment

the proof teachers did their job measures what curriculum to use, how instruction should be used, whether instruction has been sucessful

Formative assessment

carried out while learning is taking place

summative assessment

happens at the end of a set learning is taking place involves a grade

Formative assessment is strategies

- great teachers know what they know, based on their formative assessments - daily student notebooks, think pair share, questioning, exit paragraph, math boards, show of hands, math journal, background probe, graphic organizer, write quick answer down, before & after definitions, skits, write own math problem, 1-4 fingers to show confidence

Objective assessment

Has one correct answer, like multiple choice questions

Subjective assessment

multiple correct possible answers, like short-answer or essay questions (these questions should have a rubric)

Criterion referenced assessment

grading against a certain set limit or standard

Norm refrenced assessment

grading where students are graded against each other best student gets A, worst gets F

Informal assessment

not used for a grade

formal assessment

used to determine a grade tests, quizzes, projects, papers

Blooms Taxonomy focuses on

creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying, understanding, and remembering

Webb's DOK

Recalling, Skills & Concepts, Strategic thinking, extended thinking

DOK

Depth of Knowledge

DOK 1

Recall; always has a correct answer

DOK 2

Skills and concepts, generally has a correct answer,

DOK 3

Strategic thinking

DOK 4

Extended thinking, generally helps students connect their experiences to their outside experiences

John Dewey

university of Chicago, founded the lab school, father of the educationally progressive era. He started by looking at the child, and how they learn, rather than the curriculum

Growth in the 1920s

Immigration influx, town schools became grade differentiated

Great Depression

stock market crash, schools closed, students required to bring their own supplies, and school years became shorter while school systems were developed, gaps in learning existed

George S. Counts & PEA shifts progressive movement

movement started by Dewey gets a social aspect added, but this was attacked because it seemed too much like socialism/communism

CCC programs

the first time Federal Government got involved in Education in 1933; programs taught men to read and write

William C. Bagley & Essentialism

1934, essentialism moved back to the basics

WWII

1941-1945; teachers left to fight wars, enrollment declined

Sputnik

October 1957, the satellite freaked Americans out, and pushed for more engineering and science education

1971

student population declined, and schools merged

Ronald Regan 1980-1989

eliminated the department of education

1983- A nation at risk

said the US was behind on education, and added standards and other accountability measures, it also focused on local school levels

1996

teacher decrease, student increase

Columbine

April 20, 1999, student vs student shooting, was the first school shooting that was televised. This caused a national school safety concern, and added locked doors, metal detectors, and background checks for parents to be in schools

Sandy Hook Elementary Schooting

Dec 14, 2012- first shooting that was caused by an outside source, which caused security to increase

Alfred Binet IQ test

1905, students were given scores on a bell-shaped curve

Binet- Simon IQ test

given to WWI soldiers to decide where they should serve, it was controversial because the lower IQ were on the front lines used to this day to assess for special needs

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: May 1954

Part of the civil rights movement, desegregation of schools further removed parents as students were bussed to other schools to have mixed student population also removed black teachers

NDEA

National defense education act of 1958, went with Sputnik and added federal funding

Vocational Education act

1963, quadrupled federal funding for things like votech

ESEA

1965, largest federal funding move, created Title 1 schools, which were given funds to help underprivileged students

Bilingual Education act

1968, gave funds to provide students with bilungual education

Serrano v Priest

1971, how much money in community shouldn't define how a school is funded

Title IX

1972, prevented sexual discrimination

Indian Education Act 1972

allowed Native Americans to educate their own youth, rather than boarding schools

Vocational Rehabilitation Act

1973, increased access to public spaces for people with disabilites

Equal educational opportunities act

1974, prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, and origin

Education for all handicapped children act

1975, now called IDEIA, this was the first special education legisilation

National Education Consolidation and improvement act

1982, consolidated federal education funding

Goals 2000

Clinton administration's plan to improve education, this was the birth of standards and standardized testing

Standards Movement

1992-2000, more pressure to improve standards, and caused the charter school movement in 1997

NCLB

Reauthorization of ESEA, added standardized testing, and AYP

AYP

Part of NCLB, adequate yearly progress

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris

2002, voucher dollars could be used for private schools on certain things

Race to the top

2009-2010, included a $100 simulis plan for doing certain things, like implementing the common core

ESSA

2015, draws back on some of the NCLB mandates

Classical education was reborn _____

1970s-1980s

Dorthy Sayers "Lost tools of learning"

a lecture about the flaws in post WWII education, as education had become more about career prep than anything else

Components of classical education

Transcendent goods, immanent goods, trivium instruction, quadrivium, and Latin

Key areas of development in Classical Education

intellectual, moral, aesthetic, spiritual, physical, social, and practical

Transcendent goods

the ideas that everything is good, true, beautiful, and holy

immanent goods

healthy, beneficial, neighborly

trivium instruction

grammar, dilect/logic, rhetoric one part taught in each level of schooling (grammar for Elementary, ect)

Flaws with trivium insturction

Coming into the school late, or moving outside of the school can present challenges for students, and there's arrogance within those who have studied the trivium

Quadrivium instruction

arithmetic, geometry, astronomy this tends to be a weakness in classical education