| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Data | Raw facts that can be numbers, spicial symbols, or combinations of these. |
Information | Data that has been collected and processed into a meaningful form. |
Computer | An electronic device that interprets and executes programmed commands for input, output, computation, and logical operations. |
Computer Machine | A computer is a machine that performs programmed operations. |
Computer Machine | A computer is a machine that performs programmed operations. |
Computer Machine | A computer is a machine that performs programmed operations. |
Computer Electronics | A computer uses electronic technology to perform its operations. |
Computer Electronics | A computer uses electronic technology to perform its operations. |
Computer Electronics | A computer uses electronic technology to perform its operations. |
Computer Data Manipulation | A computer can manipulate and process data. |
Computer Data Manipulation | A computer can manipulate and process data. |
Computer Data Manipulation | A computer can manipulate and process data. |
Computer Automatic | A computer can automatically perform operations according to its instructions. |
Computer Automatic | A computer can automatically perform operations according to its instructions. |
Computer Automatic | A computer can automatically perform operations according to its instructions. |
Computer Memory | A computer has memory for storing and recalling data |
Computer Memory | A computer has memory for storing and recalling data |
Computer Memory | A computer has memory for storing and recalling data |
Computer Logical Function | A computer can perform logical operations. |
Computer Logical Function | A computer can perform logical operations. |
Computer Logical Function | A computer can perform logical operations. |
Computer System | The collective term for interconnected computing hardware, including processors, storage devices, input/output device, and communication equipment. |
Computer System | The collective term for interconnected computing hardware, including processors, storage devices, input/output device, and communication equipment. |
Computer System | The collective term for interconnected computing hardware, including processors, storage devices, input/output device, and communication equipment. |
Self directing / self computing | A computer can operate by following programmed instruction. |
Store and Recalls Data | A computer can save data and retrieve it when needed. |
Self Checking | A computer can perform checks on its operations. |
Logical Funnctions | A computer can perform logical operations |
Personal Computer (PC) | A small computer designed for use by one individual. |
Workstation | A high performance single user computer with sophisticated input/output devices that can easily connect to other workstations or computers. |
MainFrame Computer | A large computer capable of serving many users at the same time, especially for enterprise wide applications. |
Supercomputer | he category containing the largest and most powerful computers. |
Personal Computing | Using computer to communicate and exchange information |
Science, Research & Engineering | Using computers to support scientific research, calculations, and engineering work. |
Education and Reference | Using computers for learning, teaching, and accessing reference information. |
Entertainment & Eductainment | Using computers for entertainment and educational entertainment. |
Leonardo da Vinci | Designed a mechanical calculator in the 1500s |
John Napier | Created Napier's Bones, which used multiplication tables on wood or paper, and develop logarithms. |
Logarithms | A mathematical method developed by John Napier that helped with calculations. |
William Oughtred | Invented the slide rule, an early analog computer |
Slide Rule | A french mathematician and philosopher who invented the first operating model of a mechanical digital calculator |
Arithmetic Machine | Blaise Pascal's mechanical digital calculator that used gears and could perform calculations using addition to subtract, multiply, and divide |
Joseph Marie Jacquard | Used punch cards to automate a weaving loom |
Punch Cards | Cards used by joseph Marie Jacquard to automate the operation of a weaving loom |
Charles P. Babbage | Know as the "father of the computer." He designed the difference Engine and later focused on the Analytical Wngine |
Difference Engine | Babbage's planned steam powered, fully automatic machine designed to perform repeated calculations using a fixed instruction program |
Analytical Engine | The machine Babbage concentrated on after stopping work on the Difference Engine. |
Lady Ada Augusta Byron LoveLace | Knows as the "First Programmer." She suggested using a binary system for storage instead of a decimal system for Babbage's designs |
Binary System | A system using binary values for storing information; Ada Lovelace suggested its use for Babbage's designs |
George Bools | Developed Boolean Logic, Which later became important in computer circuitry and information searching |
Boolean Logic | A logical system developed by George Bools that became important in computer circuitry and refining information searches |
Lee De Forest | Invented the vacuum tube, which was used as an early form of computing memory for storing zero and one through on/off states |
Vacuum Tube | An Early electronic components used in computers and as an early form of memory, representing zero and one through off/on states |
Dr. John V. Atanasoff | Worked with Clifford Berry to build the first electronics digital computer |
Clifford Berry | Graduate assistant who worked with John V. Atanasoff to build the first electronic digital computer |
First Electronic Digital Computer | A computer built by John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry |
Konrad Zuse | German inventor who introduce the first programmable computer, the Z3 for solving complex engineering equations. |
Z3 | K3 Konrad Zuse's Programmable computer. it was also the first to work using the binary system instead of the decimal system |
ENIAC | Stand for Electronical Numerical Integrator and Calculator. it was a giant computer developed by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Jr. at the university of Pennsylvania |
John W. Mauchly | Co-developer of ENIAC and later co-builder of UNIVAC I. |
J. Presper Eckert Jr. | Co-developer of ENIAC and later co-builder of UNIVAC I. |
ENIAC — Vacuum Tubes | ENIAC used approximately 18,000 vacuum tubes. |
ENIAC — Programming | ENIAC was programmed by changing its wiring rather than by making software changes. |
ENIAC — Purpose | ENIAC was used to compute artillery firing tables. |
William Shockley | Bell Labs scientist who, with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, invented the transistor. |
John Bardeen | Bell Labs scientist who, with William Shockley and Walter Brattain, invented the transistor. |
Walter Brattain | Bell Labs scientist who, with William Shockley and John Bardeen, invented the transistor. |
Transistor | An electronic component that replaced vacuum tubes in computers during the following decade. |
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper | Developed the UNIVAC I compiler. |
UNIVAC I | The first computer designed and sold commercially, specifically for business data-processing applications. |
Mauchly and Eckert | John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert built the UNIVAC I. |
Jack St. Clair Kilby | Worked at Texas Instruments and helped manufacture the first integrated circuit/chip. |
Robert Noyce | Helped manufacture the first integrated circuit/chip with Jack Kilby. |
Integrated Circuit (IC) / Chip | A chip containing multiple electronic components. The first one mentioned in the PDF contained six components and allowed many transistors to fit onto silicon chips. |
Silicon Chip | A chip made from silicon that could contain hundreds, then thousands, and eventually millions of tiny transistors. |
BASIC | Stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. A programming language developed by Dr. Thomas Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny. |
Dr. Thomas Kurtz | Co-developed the BASIC programming language. |
Dr. John Kemeny | Co-developed the BASIC programming language. |
PASCAL | A structured or modular programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth. |
Niklaus Wirth | Developed the PASCAL programming language. |
ATM | Automated Teller Machines were introduced in the late 1960s and initially allowed only cash withdrawal. |
Texas Instruments Team | Created the Cal-Tech, an early handheld calculator design. |
Cal-Tech | An early handheld calculator design created by a Texas Instruments engineering team. |
Canon Pocketronic | A calculator based on the Cal-Tech and using integrated circuits made by Texas Instruments. |
Datamath Calculator | Texas Instruments' four-function calculator sold beginning in 1972. |
Hewlett-Packard HP-35 | Hewlett-Packard HP-35 |
ARPANET | A major network started by a U.S. government defense agency to connect many machines across smaller networks. It became a forerunner of today's Internet. |
ARPANET — Purpose | To connect many computers and networks together. |
Vinton Cerf | Co-designed the TCP/IP protocol with Robert Kahn. |
Robert Kahn | Co-designed the TCP/IP protocol with Vinton Cerf. |
TCP/IP | The protocol that ARPANET switched to from NCP, allowing the network to grow from handling about 1,000 machines to potentially millions. |
NCP | Network Control Protocol, the protocol used by ARPANET before it switched to TCP/IP. |
Internet | The network that developed from ARPANET after it switched to the TCP/IP protocol. |
Intel 4004 | The first microprocessor released by Intel. It was a specialized integrated-circuit chip capable of processing four bits of data at a time. |
Ted Hoff | Inventor associated with the Intel 4004 microprocessor. |
Microprocessor | A specialized integrated-circuit chip that combines arithmetic, logic, and control processing onto one chip. |
Intel 4004 — Importance | t greatly reduced the complexity and manufacturing cost of the computer's processing components by putting them onto one chip. |
Atari | The company that invented the first commercially successful coin-operated video game, Pong. |
Pong | The first commercially successful coin-operated video game, invented by Atari. |
William Gates (Bill Gates) | Worked with Paul Allen to deliver a BASIC compiler to MITS. The sale helped lead to the birth of Microsoft. |
Paul Allen | Worked with William Gates to create and deliver a BASIC compiler to MITS, helping lead to the creation of Microsoft. |
Microsoft | A company that emerged from the work of William Gates and Paul Allen after they delivered a BASIC compiler to MITS. |
Steve Jobs | Co-designed and built the Apple I with Steve Wozniak. |
Steve Wozniak | Co-designed and built the Apple I with Steve Jobs. |
Apple I | microcomputer designed and built by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. |
Apple II | A microcomputer introduced by Jobs and Wozniak the year after the Apple I. |
VisiCalc | A spreadsheet program first sold for the Apple II computer. |
Bill Gates and MS-DOS | IBM offered Bill Gates the opportunity to develop the operating system MS-DOS for its new IBM personal computer. |
MS-DOS | An operating system developed for IBM's new personal computer through an opportunity given to Bill Gates. |
MIDI | Stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It became a standard allowing digital electronic instruments to work efficiently with computers. |
Digital Audio CD | Digital audio discs made available in the 5-inch size. |
DVD Player | A device for playing DVDs; the first DVD players became available in 1996. |
Nokia 9000i Communicator | A Nokia device that combined a handheld PC, digital cell phone, and fax. It included a keyboard, LCD screen, GeoWorks operating system, Intel processor, and RAM. |
ENIAC — Room Size | Early computers such as ENIAC were extremely large, occupying room-sized spaces. |
Laptop | A portable computer designed to be used in a smaller, portable form compared with room-sized computers. |
Wearable Computer | A computer designed to be worn or incorporated into something a person wears. |
Current and Future Computer Design | Computers evolved from room-size → lap-size → pocket-size → wearable designs. |
RCA Tablet-Style Portable DVD Player | A portable DVD player in a tablet-style design. |
Apple Fourth-Generation iPod | A fourth-generation portable Apple music device shown among later portable computing/media technologies. |
Sony D-NF400 CD Walkman | A portable Sony CD Walkman device. |
Sony NW-HD1 Network Walkman | A Sony portable music player. |
Sony E-book Reader | A portable device designed for reading electronic books. |
Archos Portable Video Player | A portable device designed for playing video. |
Commodore eVIC Musicbox | A music-related electronic device mentioned among later portable technologies. |
PicoDisk USB Flash Memory Hard Disk Drives | Small USB-based storage devices mentioned at the end of the PDF, with capacities ranging from 16 MB to 512 MB |