Foreshadowing

- A warning or indication of a future event - Ex. "And now our lord must lean on younger Arms"

Alliteration

- Repetition of initial constant sounds - Ex. "So the living sorrow of Healfdone's son/Simmered..."

Personification

- Giving human qualities to something nonhuman - Ex. "Fought with fate against him, with glory/Denied him..."

Assonance

- Repetition of internal vowels within a line of poetry - Ex. "in the darkness growled, in pain, impatient"

Kennning

- Poetic Renaming of something - Ex. "shepherd of evil, guardian of crime"

Consonance

- The repetition of consonant sounds within nearby words - Ex. "Heorot trembled, wonderfully built to withstand the blows, the struggling great bodies beating at its beautiful walls"

Simile

- Comparing of two unlike things using like or as - Ex. "where mist steams like black clouds"

Metaphor

- Comparing of two unlike things without using like or as - Ex. "sea-road" & "a steaming current of fire and smoke that blocked all passage"

Elegy

- Lyric poem mourning a loss - Ex. "The days are gone/When the kingdoms of the earth flourished in glory"