| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
schedule C-4 drug | low potential for abuse |
schedule c-3 drug | moderate physical depenedence ex. narcotics |
schedule c-2 drug | may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence ex. morphine and fentaynl |
schedule c-1 drug | high potential for abuse ex. maryJ |
what are the 9 rights | right patient, dose, reason, time, drug, route, to refuse, response, documentation |
schedule c-5 drug | ex. tylenol 3, and cough medicine |
ages for the following
neonate
infant
child | -birth-1month
-1month-1yr
-1yr-12yr |
what is pharmacotherapeutics | use of drugs and clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat disease |
pharmaceutics? | study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics |
what is toxicology | study of adverse effects of drugs on living systems |
what is pharmacgnosy | study of natural drug sources |
what is albumin | most common blood protein |
what are the areas of slower distribution | muscle, skin, and fat |
what are the areas of faster distribution | heart, liver, kidneys, and brain |
what organ is responsible for metabolism | liver |
what 2 organs are involved in exertion | liver and bowel |
what is receptorinteraction | drug attach to receptor site to elicit or block a response |
What is ACE | Angio converting enzymes |
what is hypersensitivity | an allergy |
what is organ toxicity | from an increased accumulation.
-hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity |
what is lactogenic response | unintentional adverse effects that are treatment induced |
what is antagonisitic | drugs interact to decrease effect of 1 or more drugs |
what is distribution | drug molecules move around the body |
what is metabolism | drug molecules changed into metabolites |
what is excretion | drug molecules and their metabolites excreted from body |
what is onset | when drug begins to work in body |
what is peak | when the drug is at highest blood level |
what is duration | the length of time the drug is effective |
IV | into vein |
IM | into muscle |
ID | into dermis *top layer of skin |
SC | subcutaneous *below the cutaneous layer of skin |
PO | by mouth |
instill | eye drops or ear drops |
TD | transdermal (pain patch or BC patch) |
SL | sublingual (under tongue) |
what is AMD's | automated medication dispensing system |
what is acute therapy | critical illness, use to sustain life |
what is supplemental therapy | supplies body with substance needed for normal body function |
what is supportive therapy | maintains integrity of body during recovery |
what is palliative therapy | make patient comfortable, usually high dosage |
what is prophylactic therapy | prevents illness |
what is phamacokinetics | movement of drugs throughout the body |
what is pharmacodynamics | how drug works, what drug goes to body |
eternal drugs must? | be dissolved |
what is absorption | drug molecules enter circulation |
what is maintenance therapy | it prevents disease from progression |
what is semisynthetic | chemically alter natural substance |
what is diagnostic therapy | done to determine disease ex. TB test |
where are beta blockers primarily located | in the heart |
what do beta blockers compete with | norepinephrine and epinephrine |
what are selective beta blockers called | cardio selective beta blockers |
what are non-selective beta blockers called | beta adrenergic receptors |
beta receptors are located? | primarily in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and blood vessels |
name two beta blockers | carvedilol and labetalol |
cardio selective beta blockers reduce? | myocardial stimulation (reduced heart rate) |
smooth muscle that surrounds the airways in the lungs is? | bronchioles |
ANS means | controls INVOLUNTARY systems |
SNS means | sympathetic nervous system |
PNS means | parasympathetic nervous stem |
what are the primary uses for SNS drugs | respiratory, nasal decongestant, ophthalmic, overactive bladder, cardiovascular |
what does respiratory do | stimulate Alpha 1 receptors to constrict dilated arterioles |
what do nasal decongestant do | stimulate Alpha 1 receptors to constrict dilated arterioles |
ophthalmic stimulates? | alpha or beta receptors to either cause arteriolar vasoconstriction or decrease intraocular pressure |
what does SNS do for overactive bladder | stimulates the beta 3 receptors |
what do SNS drugs do for cardiovascular | stimulate alpha or beta receptors during cardiac failure or shock |
SNS blockers do what? | block the body's normal adrenergic |
what are the primary uses for PNS agonists | stimulate a cholinergic or "rest or digest" response. |
primary uses for anticholinergics drugs | urinary, GI, motor dysfunctions, cardiovascular, respiratory, pupil constriction |
what is Lantus | insulin glargine injection dosage: 100 units/mL |
what is zithoromax | an azithromycin for injection, used only in IV |
Abbreviation:__/a | before |
Abbreviation:ac | before meals |
Abbreviation:ad hib | as desired |
Abbreviation:amp | ampoule |
Abbreviation:ax | axillary |
Abbreviation:bid | twice a day |
Abbreviation:_C degree | centigrade |
Abbreviation:/c | with |
Abbreviation:cap | capsule |
Abbreviation: DS | double strength |
Abbreviation:elix | elixir |
Abbreviation:ER | extended release |
Abbreviation:EC | enteric coated |
Abbreviation: F degree | Fahrenheit |
Abbreviation: Gm or gm or g | gram |
Abbreviation:gtt | drop |
Abbreviation:hs or HS | at bedtime or half strength |
Abbreviation: ID | intradermal |
Abbreviation:(o) | oral |
Abbreviation:/p | after |
Abbreviation:pc | after meals |
Abbreviation:pt | pint |
Abbreviation: qt | quart |
Abbreviation:qam | every morning |
Abbreviation:Q6h | every 6 hours |
Abbreviation:qid/QID | four times a day |
Abbreviation:Rx | prescription |
Abbreviation:/s | without |
Abbreviation:SR | sustained release |
Abbreviation:STAT | immediately |
Abbreviation:subcu | subcutaneous |
Abbreviation:sl,SL | sublingual |
Abbreviation:IVPB | intravenous piggback |
Abbreviation:mcg | microgram |
Abbreviation:S&S | either swish and swallow or signs/symptoms |
Abbreviation:tab | tablet |
Abbreviation:TO | telephone order |
Abbreviation:top | topical |
Abbreviation:Tx | treatment |
Abbreviation:VO | verbal order |
Abbreviation:KVO | keep vein open |
Abbreviation:mEq | milliequivalent |
Abbreviation:mg | milligrams |
Abbreviation:NGT | nasogastric tube |
Abbreviation:susp | suspension |
Abbreviation:TID,tid | three times a day |
what are some factors to remember for pregnancy when doing drug therapy | drugs cross the placenta by diffusion, maternal factors, and fetal gestational age |