how do the many different species of moths and butterflies and their caterpillars offer examples of unity, diversity, and adaptations?
unity - juvenile feeding stage (caterpillar)
diversity - caterpillar and adult forms
adaptations - resemblance to fallen leaf
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| how do the many different species of moths and butterflies and their caterpillars offer examples of unity, diversity, and adaptations? | unity - juvenile feeding stage (caterpillar) diversity - caterpillar and adult forms adaptations - resemblance to fallen leaf |
| what does descent with modification mean? | family tree, species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time |
| what is a fossil | mineralized skeletal material, sedimentary rock (strata), groundwork for Darwin's ideas |
| what can be learned from examining fossils | extinction events, new groups of organisms, changes within groups of organisms, transitions between species |
| list three different sources of information and observations that helped shape Darwin's thinking about the relationship between extinct and extent species | fossil evidence, observations on the Galapagos Islands, writings of Charles Lyell |
| describe artificial selection and give two examples | humans have modified other species, breeds for dairy, meat, and crops, livestock, and pets have little resemblance to ancestors |
| what was Darwin referring to when he observed that members of a population vary in inherited traits | ladybird beetles vary in color and spot pattern, natural selection may act on these variations only if they are heritable and affect ability to survive and reproduce |
| what led Darwin to observe that all species can produce more offspring than the environment can support? | puffball fungus, frogs |
| describe Darwin's first inference | many fail to survive/reproduce, some individuals have higher probability of surviving/reproducing, ones that inherit better traits leave more offspring |
| describe Darwin's second inference | unequal ability/success leads to accumulation of favorable traits |
| what does natural selection mean | individuals with most adaptive traits have higher chance of survival and reproduction, increased frequency of favorable adaptations, does not create new traits but edits/selects for existing ones |
| how do honeypot ants offer an example of natural selection, evolution, adaptation, and descent with modification | food may be scarce at certain points, so they adapt to store more food, survive as a colony, modified trait of repletism, genetic comp of ant changed: specialized replete caste became more frequent |
| what is convergent evolution | resemblance with a difference, evolution of similar (analogous) features, distantly related groups, similar environments, no ancestry |
| what is evolution | change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation |
| what are analogous features | share similar function but not common ancestry |
| what are homologous features | share common ancestry but not similar function |