The Navajo, Pueblo, Apache, and Hopi are all tribes from which region?

Southwest

The Indians that hunted caribou, whales, seals, and walruses and used whale oil for light are from which region?

Arctic and Subarctic

The Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek Indians were all from which region?

Southeast

Which European country had North American settlements along the St. Lawrence and Mississippi Rivers and the Great Lakes?

France

Who was the man that helped Jamestown survive by demanding obedience, requiring every man to work, and initiating a relationship with the Indians?

Captain John Smith

Which crop became a profitable cash crop for the Jamestown settlers?

tobacco

The Mesoamericans whose name means "rubber people"

the Olmec

Tenochtitlan was the main city of which civilization?

the Aztec

Who was the leader of the Aztecs at the time of the Spanish conquest?

Montezuma

Which region did the Indians that were known as "cliff dwellers" live?

Southwest

How did the arrival of Spanish conquistadors affect the Aztec and Incan civilizations?

The Aztecs and Inca died in great numbers at the hands of the Spanish due to warfare and disease.

What are the two reasons the Spanish sent an "invincible Armada" to conquer England in 1588?

1. to stop English piracy of Spanish treasure 2. to restore Catholicism to England

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada change the power structure in Europe and the New World?

Spain lost power in Europe and the New World. Europe was free to colonize the New World. This meant that North America was colonized by a Protestant NOT Catholic nation.

Why is Roanoke Island known as the "Lost Colony"?

When John White returned to America after 3 years, the colony had disappeared.

Name three hardships the early Jamestown settlers faced.

1. food shortages 2. disease 3. impure drinking water 4. Indian attacks 5. fires

Describe the religion of the Native Americans of North America.

They typically believed in the Great Spirit and believed that all natural objects have souls. They attempted to communicate with these spirits through priests and shamans.

explorer who claimed the Atlantic coast of North America for England in 1497

John Cabot

English nobleman who organized two expeditions to Roanoke Island

Sir Walter Raleigh

English sailor who plundered Spanish ports in South America, sailed around South America and across the Pacific Ocean, and returned triumphantly to England

Sir Francis Drake

French explorer who has been called the Father of New France and who built the fort which later became the city of Quebec

Samuel de Champlain

first Spaniard to explore Florida

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish explorer who traveled through the Southwest in search of the legendary cities of Cibola and who saw the Grand Canyon.

Francisco Coronado

Spanish explorer who started in Florida and traveled through the Southeast until he reached the Mississippi River.

Hernando de Soto

best-known Viking adventurer who found a new land in present-day Newfoundland, which he called Vinland.

Leif Ericson

The Native Americans demonstrated their God-given capabilities by skillfully shaping their cultures, building cities, and making discoveries in mathematics and astronomy.

TRUE

The Virginia House Burgesses was the first representative assembly in America and became a model for other colonies and eventually the form of America's government.

TRUE

The demand for cheap labor in the Americas created a market for slaves from West Africa.

TRUE

The first Africans in the American colonies were likely indentured servants rather than slaves.

TRUE

Mansa Musa's wealth had little effect on other civilizations.

FALSE

The motives of the first Jamestown colonists for coming to America were to seek gold and silver and adventure and to make a profit for the Virginia Company.

TRUE

The Powhatan Indians inhabited the land where the English first established their Virginia settlement.

Much of the early exploration focused on finding new routes to the Indies (Far East) to obtain spices, silk, porcelain, gems, and other valuable trade goods.

TRUE

Most educated people during the time of Columbus believed the world was flat.

FALSE

One possible explanation of how the first people arrived in North America is that they crossed a land bridge linking Asia to Alaska.

TRUE

Choose ONE essay on the test: 1. Name and explain three of the seven primary reasons for the founding of the colonies by the English. OR 2. How did the Middle Passage show the lack of humanity offered to the Africans as image-bearing human beings?