13th amendment (free)

abolished slavery & involuntary servitude except punishment for crime.

14th amendment (citizens)

due to fears of civil rights being overturned by states, granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S

citizenship

equal protection of the laws

Andrew johnson

democrat from Tennessee, owned slaves, sympathetic to Southerners (lenient to Southerners).

Two plans

presidential (easy on south)

congressional

(radical) tough on south

congress is ran by who?

republicans

radical congress controlled who?

johnson

federalism

the civil war reshaped America's understanding of power & responsibility.

how is power is shared

states vs. federal gov. ( state, local, federal)

freedman's bureau

help & protect freed African Americans & poor while Southerners ( provided basic needs food, water, shelter)

freedman's bureau also?

settled disputes treated people fairly

what did the freedman's bureau help?

helped build schools and colleges

what did the freedman's bureau allow?

allowed African Americans to marry and reunite with family

what else did the freedman's bureau do?

served labor contracts, savings bank (gives loans) and having federal troops (necessity)

14th amendment

states cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without "due process" of the law

legislative

makes laws (congress, state, HDR)

executive

carries out laws (president)

judicial

evaluates laws

the constitution did what?

state laws subject to federal court review

the constitution gave what to who?

gave congress power to pass ANY laws needed to enforce it.

15th amendment (vote)

african American men the right to vote

the 15th amendment???

prohibits denying a citizen the right to vote based on race,color, or previous conditions

the 15th amendment also?

affects the 14th and 13th amendments

franchise

right to create a business

disfranchisement

being deprived of a right or privilege, espicially the right to vote.

pass on amendments

states have to radify not federal or house of senates.

sharecropping

a system where families rent small plots of land and pay landowner with a "share" of crops they raise.

black codes

restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans & ensure their avialability as a cheap labor force.

the black codes also

enables gun control to black Americans which is called vagrency laws.

vagrency laws mean?

have curfews meaning that black people cant be out, taking children away from their parents/families, arrested for not having a job, and having land ownership restrictions.

where were black codes?

happened while federal troops were in the south.

KKK

vehicle for white resistance to the reconstruction process and underground and campaign violence.

the compromise of 1877:

Hayes will become president in exchange for federal troops leaving the south

hayes?

controlled federal government

tildon

controlled state which meant having power

black does

Jim crow laws (becomes the way of life in the south for the next century) which meant having culture.