Class 5 recap
Transition from Art Nouveau to functional design
Integration of art, industry, and technology
Rise of professional designers (Behrens, van de Velde, Thonet)
Bauhaus influence: simplicity, geometry, and mass production
Modern materials: steel, glass, bentwood
Design as a bridge between craft and machine
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Class 5 recap | Transition from Art Nouveau to functional design Integration of art, industry, and technology Rise of professional designers (Behrens, van de Velde, Thonet) Bauhaus influence: simplicity, geometry, and mass production Modern materials: steel, glass, bentwood Design as a bridge between craft and machine |
| Henry Van de Velde | 1863-1957: Belgian designer who helped start modern design; focused on form and function working together. created the egg poster “Tropon” Brussels, Belgium 1898 He argued that line rather than geometry was the basic component of all art because it was the instinctive way humans made images. The Tropon poster illustrates the designer’s belief in line as the creative force and the carrier of human energy. |
| Michael Thonet | (1796–1871): Furniture maker who invented bentwood chairs, making elegant furniture affordable and mass-producible. |
| Jugendstil | 1895-1910: The German version of Art Nouveau, known for flowing lines, nature-inspired shapes, and craftsmanship. |
| Marcel Breuer | 1902-1981: Modernist designer from the Bauhaus; famous for his tubular steel furniture like the Wassily Chair. |
| Gustav Stickley | 1858-1942: Leader of the American Arts and Crafts movement; promoted simple, honest, handcrafted furniture. |
| Peter Behrens | 1868-1940: German architect and designer who worked with early modernists and influenced the Bauhaus movement. |
| Class 3 RECAP | spanning from 1800-1900 Factories and manufactures Consumerism and capitalist markets Degradation of labour Decline in the integrity of design Emphasis on decoration and questions about sources of inspiration. Design critiques (Ruskin, Morris, Jones and others) |
| William Moris | (1834–1896) Founder of the Arts and Crafts movement; believed in beauty, craftsmanship, and design for everyone. He believed that machines themselves could be beautiful works of design, but the mass-produced goods they made lacked the spirit and craftsmanship of handmade work. In short, the machine could be admirable, but its products were soulless. |
| Philip Speakman Webb | (1831–1915) Architect who designed Morris’s Red House; valued honest materials and craftsmanship. |
| Christopher Dresser | (1834–1904) Early industrial designer who combined art and industry, making everyday objects beautiful and functional. widely regarded as one of the *first people to earn a formal education in design* and is often credited as the first industrial designer in history. |
| Truth Beauty power | (c. 1860–1910) Concept: Key values of the Arts and Crafts movement; design should be honest, beautiful, and socially meaningful. |
| William de Morgan | (1839–1917) Ceramic artist known for colorful, imaginative tiles and pottery inspired by medieval and Islamic designs. |
| Admiral Perry | (1794–1858) U.S. naval officer who opened Japan to Western trade in 1853, influencing global art and design exchange. |
| Edwin William Godwin | (1833–1886) Architect and designer who mixed Japanese simplicity with modern Victorian design. |
| Herter Brothers | (active c. 1860–1906) Luxury American furniture makers known for richly detailed interiors and craftsmanship. |
| Paulding Farnham | (1859–1927) Jewelry designer for Tiffany & Co., famous for ornate, nature-inspired pieces and world fair designs. |
| Katsushika Hokusai | (1760–1849) Japanese artist best known for *The Great Wave*; influenced Western art through *Japonisme*. |
| Felix Bracquemond | (1833–1914) French artist who introduced Japanese prints to Europe, sparking the *Japonisme* trend. - he saw the Japanese print on the package and made the plate with the chicken on it |
| William Stephen Colemon | (1829–1904) English painter and illustrator known for detailed nature scenes and decorative art design. |
| Class 4 RECAP - 1760–1910 | Reaction against industrial mass production Return to craftsmanship and honesty in materials Truth, Beauty, Power as design ideals Influence of nature and medieval styles Key figures: William Morris, Philip Webb, William De Morgan, Christopher Dresser Spread of ideas across Europe — leading to Jugendstil and early modernism |
| Henry Cole | (1808–1882): Organized the Great Exhibition (1851) and helped found the Victoria and Albert Museum; promoted art and design education. |
| Richard Redgrave | (1804–1888): Artist and reformer who worked with Cole to improve industrial design education and raise artistic standards. Landscape and genre painter and arts administrator. A member of the Royal Academy, he was an advocate for the rationalization of art education in Britain. |
| Owen Jones | (1809–1874): Architect and designer known for The Grammar of Ornament (1856), which promoted global decorative styles and color theory. |
| The Grammar of Ornament | (1856): Owen Jones’s influential design book showing decorative patterns from many cultures, encouraging unity and beauty in design. |
| “Design Principles” | (1836): Ideas like balance, harmony, contrast, and proportion, guiding how objects and buildings should be designed. Educational and Aesthetic Reform Promotion of “Beauty and Utility” Amend the crisis of industrialization Advocate for improved quality of manufactures |
| John Ruskin | (1819–1900): Art critic who valued handcraft and moral beauty, opposing industrial mass production. A leader in the arts and crafts movement. "Art for art's sake". |
| The Stones of Venice | (1851–1853): Ruskin’s book praising Gothic architecture for its honesty and spiritual value. |
| A. W. N. Pugin | (1812–1852): Architect who led the Gothic Revival, believing architecture should reflect moral and religious truth. He's the one that made the drawing of the city that looked like a bunch of churches |
| Joseph Paxton | (1803–1865): Designer of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition; known for innovative use of glass and iron. |
| The Great Exhibition | (1851): World’s first international exhibition in London, showing industrial progress and design from around the globe. |
| Ralph Nicholson Wornum | (1812–1877): Art historian and curator who worked to improve art education and museum displays at the National Gallery, London. |
| Class 2 themes | RECAP: 1700–1830 Mass production Material investigation Steam and other technologies Consumerism Rise of profession design thinking Historicism |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory that says a country’s wealth comes from exporting more than it imports and hoarding gold; government controls trade to benefit the nation. |
| BERNARD MANDEVILLE 1670-1733 | - He was often vilified for his critiques of the false claims of men about public service and selflessness and argued that self-interest, no matter how despicable, can have positive effects in a society and nation. - In his work *The Fable of the Bees*, he argued that things people see as selfish or immoral — like greed or vanity — can actually **help society grow and prosper** by driving trade, jobs, and innovation. |
| Richard Arkwright: | 1732-1792 - In 1769, Arkwright invented a water powered spinning machine that could spin 96 threads at a time. The machine’s success depended on thicker, stronger thread. - Richard Arkwright “Water Frame” Preston Lancashire, UK Patented 1769 |
| Adam Smith 1723-1790 | Born in Scotland, Smith was a political economist and philosopher. He was a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment and was responsible for articulating a view of the advantages of the free market in the generation of wealth at the national level and for individuals - When a baker sells bread to make money, they’re also feeding people — helping others without meaning to. |
| First Industrial Revolution | 1760-1830 - A major period of change when machines, factories, and new technologies transformed work, production, and society. - saw the rise of steam power, rationalization of labor and the production of goods such as cloth, pottery, glassware, metal-wares and furniture. |
| The Gentlemen Cabinet | - Refers to collectors’ cabinets or “cabinets of curiosities” owned by wealthy men, showing off rare objects and reflecting early ideas of museums and knowledge gathering. |
| Matthew Boulton | An industrialist who partnered with James Watt to produce steam engines, playing a key role in advancing the Industrial Revolution. |
| The American System | A method of manufacturing that used **interchangeable parts** and **assembly-line production**, making items faster and cheaper to produce. |
| Thomas Boulsover | Inventor of **Sheffield plate**, a cheaper silver alternative created by fusing silver to copper. |
| James Leamen | 1706-30 A skilled silk designer in 18th-century London known for his elaborate woven patterns used in luxury fashion. |
| Josiah Wedgwood | 1730-1795 - A leading industrialist in Stoke on Trent, England who was a pioneer in materials research, the rationalization of labor and the inventor of a wide range of new ceramic products. Wedgewood was an ardent abolitionist - Josiah Wedgwood “Trial Tray” of Queen’sware ceramic samples, Stoke on Trent, UK, circa 1765. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, U (basically the test of different glazes on the percaline/ceramic samples. |
| “Portland Vase” | Roman cameo glass 1CE -25 CE Josiah Wedgwood made his copy of the “Portland Vase” in 1780 |
| Marker’s Director | A guidebook made by Josiah Wedgwood to show examples of pottery designs, helping standardize quality and inspire new creations. |
| The Frog Service | 1773-74 - A famous Wedgwood pottery set made for Catherine the Great of Russia, showing how art, trade, and industry came together in 18th-century England. |
| THE CALICO ACTS | - A series of parliamentary acts in the early 18th century aimed at protecting the British textile industry, especially given the dominance of South Asian textile production and the importation by the East India Company of printed cotton cloth. These acts banned the importation of Indian cotton to Great Britain, as well as wool from Europe. |
| CALICO ACT: 1701 | Banned the importation of white cotton goods from India (Bengal) into Britain |
| CALICO ACT: 1721 | This legislation extended the ban on imported Indian cotton good, including printed ones, save for those products that would be re-exported |
| Anna Maria Garthwaite | A leading English silk designer whose floral patterns helped make Spitalfields a major silk-weaving center. |
| John Bartlam | The first person to make porcelain in America, helping establish early American ceramics and independence from British imports. |