What are the five kingdoms of living organisms?

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctists and Bacteria.

Are viruses included in the five kingdoms?

No. Viruses are non-living and are classified separately.

What does eukaryotic mean?

A cell that has a nucleus.

Which four kingdoms are eukaryotic?

Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protoctists.

What does prokaryotic mean?

A cell that does not have a nucleus.

Which kingdom is prokaryotic?

Bacteria.

What are the main characteristics of plants?

Plants are multicellular, have chloroplasts, photosynthesise, have cellulose cell walls and store carbohydrates as starch.

Why can plants photosynthesise?

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which allow them to photosynthesise.

What does autotrophic mean?

Making your own food, usually by photosynthesis.

What is the cell wall of a plant made from?

Cellulose.

What carbohydrate do plants store?

Starch.

What are the main characteristics of animals?

Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, can move and have nervous coordination. They have no cell wall or chloroplasts and store carbohydrates as glycogen.

What does heterotrophic mean?

Obtaining food by feeding on other organisms.

Why can't animals photosynthesise?

Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

No, animal cells do not have a cell wall.

What carbohydrate do animals store?

Glycogen.

What are the main characteristics of fungi?

Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular, have chitin cell walls, use saprophytic nutrition and store carbohydrates as glycogen.

What is the cell wall of fungi made from?

Chitin.

What is a hypha?

A thread-like structure that makes up the body of a fungus.

What is a mycelium?

A network of hyphae that forms the body of a fungus.

What are hyphae?

Thread-like structures that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

How do fungi obtain their food?

Fungi use saprophytic nutrition. They release extracellular enzymes onto food, digest it outside their body and absorb the products of digestion.

What is saprophytic nutrition?

Feeding on dead matter by releasing enzymes onto it, digesting it externally and absorbing the products.

What are extracellular enzymes?

Enzymes released by fungi outside their body to digest food.

What happens after fungi digest food with extracellular enzymes?

The soluble products of digestion are absorbed by the fungus.

What carbohydrate do fungi store?

Glycogen.

What are two examples of fungi?

Yeast and Mucor.

What are protoctists?

Mostly single-celled eukaryotic organisms that do not fit easily into the other kingdoms.

Why are protoctists sometimes called the "dustbin kingdom"?

Because they contain organisms that do not fit easily into the other kingdoms.

Are all protoctists single-celled?

No. Most are single-celled, but some can be multicellular.

What is an example of a plant-like protoctist?

Chlorella.

What is an example of an animal-like protoctist?

Amoeba.

What are the main characteristics of bacteria?

Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes with no nucleus. They have a peptidoglycan cell wall and one circular chromosome.

Do bacteria have a nucleus?

No. Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not have a nucleus.

What is the cell wall of bacteria made from?

Peptidoglycan.

What type of chromosome do bacteria have?

One circular chromosome.

What is a plasmid?

A small loop of extra DNA found in some bacteria.

What is the function of a flagellum in bacteria?

It allows some bacteria to move.

What shapes can bacteria be?

Bacteria can be rod-shaped or spherical.

Can bacteria photosynthesise?

Some bacteria can photosynthesise.

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that causes disease.

Which type of pathogen causes athlete's foot?

A fungus.

Which disease is caused by a fungus?

Athlete's foot.

Which type of pathogen causes cholera?

Bacteria.

Which disease is caused by bacteria?

Cholera.

Which type of pathogen causes malaria?

A protoctist.

Which disease is caused by a protoctist?

Malaria.

Which type of pathogen causes influenza?

A virus.

Which disease is caused by a virus?

Influenza.

Are viruses made of cells?

No. Viruses are not made of cells.

Why are viruses considered non-living?

They are not made of cells and do not show the normal characteristics of life.

How are viruses different from bacteria?

Viruses are not made of cells, while bacteria are living single-celled organisms.

How large are viruses compared with bacteria?

Viruses are smaller than bacteria.

Why do viruses need a host?

Viruses are parasites and need a host to reproduce.

What are viruses made of?

Genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat.

What type of genetic material can a virus contain?

Either DNA or RNA.

Do viruses contain DNA and RNA?

A virus contains either DNA or RNA.

What surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

A protein coat.

Are viruses parasites?

Yes. Viruses are parasites and need a host to reproduce.

Can viruses reproduce without a host?

No. Viruses need a host to reproduce.

Do viruses have a nucleus?

No. Viruses are not made of cells, so they do not have a nucleus.

Do viruses have a cell wall?

No. Viruses are not made of cells and do not have a cell wall.

Can viruses photosynthesise?

No.

Which kingdoms contain multicellular organisms?

Plants and Animals are multicellular. Fungi and Protoctists can contain unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Which kingdom contains only unicellular organisms?

Bacteria.

Which group is not made of cells?

Viruses.

Which kingdoms have a nucleus?

Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protoctists.

Which kingdom has no nucleus?

Bacteria.

Which group has no nucleus because it is not made of cells?

Viruses.

Which kingdom has cellulose cell walls?

Plants.

Which kingdom has chitin cell walls?

Fungi.

Which kingdom has peptidoglycan cell walls?

Bacteria.

Which kingdoms have no cell wall?

Animals and Protoctists.

Which group is not made of cells and therefore has no cell wall?

Viruses.

Which kingdom stores carbohydrates as starch?

Plants.

Which kingdoms store carbohydrates as glycogen?

Animals and Fungi.

Which kingdoms can photosynthesise?

Plants can photosynthesise, some bacteria can photosynthesise, and some protoctists can photosynthesise.

Which kingdoms cannot photosynthesise?

Animals and Fungi cannot photosynthesise. Viruses cannot photosynthesise.

Which kingdom has a circular chromosome?

Bacteria.

Which kingdom can have plasmids?

Bacteria.

Which kingdom can have flagella for movement?

Bacteria.

Which kingdom has organisms with nervous coordination?

Animals.

Which kingdom uses saprophytic nutrition?

Fungi.