PE paper 2

How can age affect participation?

Younger and older people often participate less due to different barriers.

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Match Practice Test Progress & Stats

Term	Definition
How can age affect participation?	Younger and older people often participate less due to different barriers.
How can gender affect participation?	Stereotypes and opportunities may influence involvement.
How can disability affect participation?	Limited access or specialist equipment may be needed.
How can ethnicity affect participation?	Cultural expectations may influence participation levels.
How can religion affect participation?	Religious beliefs may restrict certain activities or clothing.
How can family affect participation?	Encouragement and support can increase participation.
How can education affect participation?	Schools provide opportunities and facilities.
How can work commitments affect participation?	Lack of time may reduce participation.
How can cost affect participation?	Expensive equipment or memberships can be barriers.
How can opportunity affect participation?	Greater access to facilities increases involvement.
How can discrimination affect participation?	It may discourage people from taking part.
How can climate affect participation?	Weather conditions influence activity choices.
How can media coverage affect participation?	Increased exposure can encourage involvement.
How do role models increase participation?	They inspire others to take part.
What are the three participation strategies?	Promotion, provision and access.
Define commercialisation.	The process of making sport profitable.
What is sponsorship?	Financial or material support provided in exchange for advertising.
What is the Golden Triangle?	The relationship between sport, sponsorship and the media.
How does television benefit sport?	Increased exposure and revenue.
How does social media benefit sport?	Greater fan engagement and promotion.
Give one positive effect of sponsorship.	More money for athletes, clubs and facilities.
Give one negative effect of sponsorship.	Commercial interests may outweigh sporting values.
How does media coverage increase participation?	It raises awareness of sports and athletes.
How does media coverage improve performance?	Greater funding can improve facilities and coaching.
Give one negative effect of media coverage.	Increased pressure on performers.
Why do sponsors invest in sport?	To advertise products and increase sales.
How does sponsorship affect grassroots sport?	It can provide funding for facilities and equipment.
Give an example of a commercialised sporting event.	The FIFA World Cup.
How can commercialisation create inequality?	Popular sports receive more funding than others.
Explain the link between media and sponsorship.	More coverage attracts sponsors, leading to greater investment.
Define sportsmanship.	Fair, respectful and ethical behaviour in sport.
Define gamesmanship.	Bending the rules to gain an advantage.
Define deviance.	Behaviour that goes against accepted norms in sport.
Give an example of sportsmanship.	Helping an injured opponent.
Give an example of gamesmanship.	Deliberately wasting time.
Give an example of deviance.	Cheating or violence.
Why do athletes use drugs?	To improve performance or aid recovery.
What are anabolic steroids?	Drugs that increase muscle size and strength.
What are stimulants?	Drugs that increase alertness and reduce fatigue.
What are beta blockers?	Drugs that reduce anxiety and heart rate.
How can drugs affect performers negatively?	Health risks, bans and damaged reputations.
How can drugs affect sport negatively?	Loss of fairness and public trust.
Give one reason for violence in sport.	Frustration.
Give another reason for violence in sport.	Pressure to win.
How can violence damage sport?	Poor role models and negative publicity.
Define a motor skill.	A learned movement pattern.
What are the five characteristics of a skilled movement?	Fluent, co-ordinated, efficient, aesthetic and pre-determined.
Define fluent.	Smooth and controlled movement.
Define efficient.	Producing maximum results with minimum effort.
Define co-ordinated.	Different body parts working together effectively.
Define aesthetic.	Looking pleasing to watch.
Define pre-determined.	The performer knows what they intend to do.
What is a simple skill?	A skill requiring little information processing.
What is a complex skill?	A skill requiring lots of information processing.
What is an open skill?	A skill performed in a changing environment.
What is a closed skill?	A skill performed in a stable environment.
What does SMART stand for?	Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Timed.
Why is goal setting important?	It increases motivation and improves performance.
What is imagery?	Mentally visualising successful performance.
What is mental rehearsal?	Repeatedly practising a skill in the mind.
What is selective attention?	Focusing on relevant cues and ignoring distractions.
What is positive thinking?	Using positive self-talk to improve confidence.
What is visual guidance?	Learning by watching a demonstration.
What is verbal guidance?	Learning through spoken instructions.
What is intrinsic feedback?	Feedback received from the performer themselves.
What is extrinsic feedback?	Feedback from an external source such as a coach.
What is knowledge of performance?	Feedback about technique.
What is knowledge of results?	Feedback about the outcome.
Define health.	A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
Define fitness.	The ability to meet the demands of the environment.
Define well-being.	Being comfortable, healthy and happy.
What is a sedentary lifestyle?	A lifestyle involving very little physical activity.
How does exercise reduce CHD risk?	It strengthens the cardiovascular system.
How does exercise affect blood pressure?	It helps maintain healthy blood pressure.
How does exercise affect obesity?	It helps control body weight.
How does exercise reduce Type 2 diabetes risk?	It improves insulin sensitivity.
How does exercise improve bone density?	Weight-bearing activity strengthens bones.
How does exercise improve self-esteem?	It increases confidence and feelings of achievement.
How does exercise help stress management?	It releases endorphins and reduces anxiety.
How does exercise improve social well-being?	It creates friendships and social interaction.
Define a balanced diet.	A diet containing the correct proportions of nutrients.
What is the main function of carbohydrates?	Providing energy.
What is the main function of protein?	Growth and repair of tissues.
What is the main function of fats?	Energy storage and insulation.
Why are vitamins important?	Maintaining health and body functions.
Why are minerals important?	Supporting healthy bones, blood and body systems.
Why is fibre important?	Aids digestion and gut health.
Why is hydration important for performers?	Prevents dehydration and maintains performance.