what is the single most important fact in relation to physiological responses to exercise

that O2 consumption inc with exercise intensity... main goal it to deliver more O2 to working muscles, and remove CO2 and heat

what is the central command

when the motor cortex tells the muscles to move, HR and ventilation start rising before metabolic demand does

what are muscle mechanoreceptors

group 3 sensory fibres that detect movement and tension. starts working as soon as exercise begins

what are muscle metaboreceptors?

group 4 fibres that basically sense the chemical products of contraction... then it makes perfect response as the exercise continues

what is net effect?

ventilation and sympathetic drive jump at the exercises onset (feedforward), then track metabolic demand (feedback)

what variables can jump fivefold from rest?

HR, SV, cardiac output

during exercise, what does the hormone E/NE do? whats its job?

rises during exercise. job is to break down glycogen, mobilizes fat, stimulaes cardiovascular muscles

during exercise, what does the hormone glucagon do? whats its job?

rises during exercise, it increases the liver glucose output

during exercise, what does the hormone cortisol do? whats its job?

rises during exercise. mobilizes fat and protein,

during exercise, what does the hormone insulin do? whats its job?

falls during exercise. it keeps glucose in blood for working muscles

what does regular training do in terms of adaptation

regularly exercising improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. lets you respond better.

what is the immune J curve?

regular moderate exercise boosts how your immune system functions...but training too hard for too long can supress it