What are the six characteristics of living organisms

- Have organized cells - Acquire energy - Grow over time - Can reproduce (asexually or sexually) - Respond to stimuli - Adapt to the environment

What do the terms community and population mean

- Community: A collection of plants that live in the same area - Population: A collection of species from the same species (can interbreed and reproduce)

What does the term differentiation mean

The term for when a living organism takes on a different shape/form and functions

Be able to recognize an example and the major characteristics of each of the major plant groups (4) (nonvascular, vascular seedless plants, vascular seed plants gymnosperms and angiosperms)

- Nonvascular - Vascular seedless plants - Gymnosperms, vascular seed plants (cone bearing) - Angiosperms, vascular seed plants (flowering plants)

Nonvascular plants

- No vascular tissues - No true leaves, stems, or roots - Rely on water for sexual reproduction - Use spores for dispersal

Types of nonvascular plants include

- Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) - Hornworts (Anthocerophyta) - Mosses (Bryophyta)

Vascular seedless plants

- Have vascular tissues - Have true stems and roots - Rely on water for sexual reproduction - Use spores for dispersal

Types of vascular seedless plants include

- Lycophytes (Lycopodiophyta) - Ferns and their relatives (Pteridophyta)

Gymnosperms

- Have vascular tissues - Have true leaves, stems, and roots - Do no need water for sexual reproduction - Use naked seeds for dispersal - Do not have flowers

Types of gymnosperms include

- Cyads (Cycadophyta) - Ginkgo (Ginkgophyta) - Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta) - Conifers (Coniferophyta)

Angiosperms

- Have vascular tissues - Have true leaves, stems, and roots - Do no need water for sexual reproduction - Use enclosed seeds for dispersal - Have flowers

Types of angiosperms include

- Monocots - Eudicots

Steps of the scientific method

1. Observation 2. Ask a Question 3. Study the literature 4. Formulate a hypothesis 5. Test with experimentation 6. Analyze and interpret results 7. Accept or reject hypothesis 8. Communicate

Including what variables are displayed on graphs, why scientists use hypothesis in their experiments, etc.

Independent and dependent variables

Value of the dependent variable depends on the results from the independent variable

Identify the independent and dependent variables of the experiment - Hypothesis: Soil compaction decreases plant growth

- The independent variable is soil compaction - The dependent variable is plant growth