Somatic motor controls what

skeletal muscle

Autonomic motor controls what

smooth/cardiac muscle, glands

Somatic nervous system

single neuron, always excitatory

Autonomic nervous system

2-neuron chain, excitatory and inhibitory - has ganglion (cell bodies outside CNS)

Sympathetic division

short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

Parasympathetic division

long presynaptic fiber, short postsynaptic fiber - ganglion closer to target

Sympathetic trunk

sympathetic ganglia that lie on vertebral column - paravertebral ganglion

Sympathetic division neural pathways

- synapse w/ postganglionic neuron in sympathetic ganglion - travel up/down chain and synapse w/ other ganglia - pass through chain w/o synapsing and continue to collateral ganglion as splanchnic nerve

Communicating rami

connect paravertebral ganglion to spinal nerve

White rami

myelinated preganglionic fiber leaves spinal nerve and enters sympathetic ganglion

Gray rami

unmyelinated fiber leaves ganglion to re-enter spinal nerve

Adrenal medulla innervated by what?

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Adrenal medulla releases what

epinephrine & norepinephrine

Fight or flight: eyes

dilate pupil, adjusts for vision

Fight or flight: cardiovascular

increase heart rate

Fight or flight: blood vessels

constriction

Fight or flight: lungs

dilate bronchioles and inhibit mucus secretion

Fight or flight: digestive tract

decreased motility, inhibit digestive secretion

Fight or flight: endocrine glands

stimulate epinephrine secretion, norepinephrine secretion

Fight or flight: exocrine glands

stimulate secretion

Fight or flight: bladder

prevent voiding

Fight or flight: genitals

M: emission F: uterus contraction

How is the vagus nerve supplied

parasympathetic nervous system

Terminal ganglion

parasympathetic ganglion on innervated organ

Rest or digest: eyes

pupil constriction, near vision

Rest or digest: cardio

decrease heart rate

Rest or digest: blood vessels

no innervation

Rest or digest: lungs

constrict bronchioles, stimulate mucus

Rest or digest: digestive tract

increase motility, stimulate digestive secretions

Rest or digest: endocrine glands

none

Rest or digest: exocrine glands

stimulate saliva

Rest or digest: bladder

Void

Rest or digest: genitals

erection

Exceptions to dual innervation

adrenal medulla, blood vessels, sweat glands

Antagonistic dual innervation

Sympathetic: decrease motility, increase heart rate Parasympathetic: increase motility, decrease heart rate

Cooperative dual innervation

Salivary: both change type and volume of saliva

Varicosity

swelling of postganglionic fiber (contains synaptic vesicles w/ neuroT's) - allow for bigger SA

Cholinergic receptors bind what?

ACh

Types of cholinergic receptors

nicotinic and muscarinic

Nicotinic receptors

Nm: skeletal muscle Nn: postsynaptic cell bodies in autonomic ganglia (symp/para)

Ionotropic receptor

type of nicotinic receptor - ligang-gated

Mechanism of ionotropic receptors

- ACh binds to open cation channel - Na/K go through and Na movement = depolarization - produces EPSP

Muscarinic receptors

found on effector cell membranes (smooth/cardiac muscle and sweat glands)

Metabotropic receptor

type of muscarinic receptor - binding of ACh excites or inhibits target w/ g-protein

Adrenergic receptors

bind NE/E - found on effector cells membranes

Convergence

many presynaptic neurons form synapses w/ one postsynaptic neurons

Divergence

presynaptic neuron form synapes w/ many postsynaptic neuron

T/F: sympathetic nervous system has more divergence than convergence

True

Integrating centers for autonomic reflexes

spinal cord, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus