Somatic motor controls what
skeletal muscle
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Somatic motor controls what | skeletal muscle |
| Autonomic motor controls what | smooth/cardiac muscle, glands |
| Somatic nervous system | single neuron, always excitatory |
| Autonomic nervous system | 2-neuron chain, excitatory and inhibitory - has ganglion (cell bodies outside CNS) |
| Sympathetic division | short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber |
| Parasympathetic division | long presynaptic fiber, short postsynaptic fiber - ganglion closer to target |
| Sympathetic trunk | sympathetic ganglia that lie on vertebral column - paravertebral ganglion |
| Sympathetic division neural pathways | - synapse w/ postganglionic neuron in sympathetic ganglion - travel up/down chain and synapse w/ other ganglia - pass through chain w/o synapsing and continue to collateral ganglion as splanchnic nerve |
| Communicating rami | connect paravertebral ganglion to spinal nerve |
| White rami | myelinated preganglionic fiber leaves spinal nerve and enters sympathetic ganglion |
| Gray rami | unmyelinated fiber leaves ganglion to re-enter spinal nerve |
| Adrenal medulla innervated by what? | sympathetic preganglionic neurons |
| Adrenal medulla releases what | epinephrine & norepinephrine |
| Fight or flight: eyes | dilate pupil, adjusts for vision |
| Fight or flight: cardiovascular | increase heart rate |
| Fight or flight: blood vessels | constriction |
| Fight or flight: lungs | dilate bronchioles and inhibit mucus secretion |
| Fight or flight: digestive tract | decreased motility, inhibit digestive secretion |
| Fight or flight: endocrine glands | stimulate epinephrine secretion, norepinephrine secretion |
| Fight or flight: exocrine glands | stimulate secretion |
| Fight or flight: bladder | prevent voiding |
| Fight or flight: genitals | M: emission F: uterus contraction |
| How is the vagus nerve supplied | parasympathetic nervous system |
| Terminal ganglion | parasympathetic ganglion on innervated organ |
| Rest or digest: eyes | pupil constriction, near vision |
| Rest or digest: cardio | decrease heart rate |
| Rest or digest: blood vessels | no innervation |
| Rest or digest: lungs | constrict bronchioles, stimulate mucus |
| Rest or digest: digestive tract | increase motility, stimulate digestive secretions |
| Rest or digest: endocrine glands | none |
| Rest or digest: exocrine glands | stimulate saliva |
| Rest or digest: bladder | Void |
| Rest or digest: genitals | erection |
| Exceptions to dual innervation | adrenal medulla, blood vessels, sweat glands |
| Antagonistic dual innervation | Sympathetic: decrease motility, increase heart rate Parasympathetic: increase motility, decrease heart rate |
| Cooperative dual innervation | Salivary: both change type and volume of saliva |
| Varicosity | swelling of postganglionic fiber (contains synaptic vesicles w/ neuroT's) - allow for bigger SA |
| Cholinergic receptors bind what? | ACh |
| Types of cholinergic receptors | nicotinic and muscarinic |
| Nicotinic receptors | Nm: skeletal muscle Nn: postsynaptic cell bodies in autonomic ganglia (symp/para) |
| Ionotropic receptor | type of nicotinic receptor - ligang-gated |
| Mechanism of ionotropic receptors | - ACh binds to open cation channel - Na/K go through and Na movement = depolarization - produces EPSP |
| Muscarinic receptors | found on effector cell membranes (smooth/cardiac muscle and sweat glands) |
| Metabotropic receptor | type of muscarinic receptor - binding of ACh excites or inhibits target w/ g-protein |
| Adrenergic receptors | bind NE/E - found on effector cells membranes |
| Convergence | many presynaptic neurons form synapses w/ one postsynaptic neurons |
| Divergence | presynaptic neuron form synapes w/ many postsynaptic neuron |
| T/F: sympathetic nervous system has more divergence than convergence | True |
| Integrating centers for autonomic reflexes | spinal cord, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus |