What are general preferences in attraction?
Physical attractiveness, similarity, proximity, reciprocity.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are general preferences in attraction? | Physical attractiveness, similarity, proximity, reciprocity. |
| What are men’s gender-specific preferences in attraction? | Youth and fertility cues |
| What are women’s gender-specific preferences in attraction? | Resources, stability, protection |
| What are the three components of Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love? | Intimacy, Passion, Commitment. |
| Define exchange relationships. | Relationships focused on equity and balance of costs/benefits. |
| Define communal relationships. | Relationships focused on meeting partner’s needs without expecting return. |
| What are the three main attachment styles? | Secure, Avoidant, Anxious. |
| What is Rusbult’s Investment Model? | Commitment depends on satisfaction, alternatives, and investments. |
| Define individualistic cultures. | Cultures focused on personal goals and independence. |
| Define collectivistic cultures. | Cultures focused on group goals and interdependence |
| Define horizontal cultures. | Cultures emphasizing equality. |
| Define vertical cultures | individuals or groups are unequal in status, power, or resources, and they see this inequality as natural or legitimate |
| Give an example of vertical collectivism. | Japan |
| Give an example of horizontal collectivism. | Israeli kibbutz |
| Give an example of vertical individualism. | USA corporate culture |
| Give an example of horizontal individualism. | Scandinavian countries |
| How does choice influence culture? | More choice → individualism; limited choice → collectivism. |
| How does culture influence helping behavior? | Collectivist cultures emphasize in-group helping more strongly. |
| What is one challenge with replicability in psychology? | Small sample sizes, p-hacking, publication bias. |
| What is one solution to replicability challenges? | Pre-registration, open data sharing, replication initiatives. |
| What is normative social influence? | Conforming to be liked/accepted. |
| What is informational social influence? | Conforming to be correct. |
| Define conformity. | Changing behavior to match group norms. |
| Define compliance | Agreeing to a request. |
| Define obedience. | Following authority commands. |
| Name one factor that increases helping. | Empathy, similarity, reduced diffusion of responsibility. |
| Name one factor that decreases helping. | Ambiguity, presence of others (bystander effect). |
| Name one factor that increases conformity. | Group unanimity, size, cohesion. |
| Name one factor that decreases conformity. | Presence of dissenters, anonymity. |
| Name one factor that increases obedience. | Authority proximity, legitimacy, depersonalization of victim. |
| Name one factor that decreases obedience. | Dissenters, personal responsibility. |
| What are the six principles of compliance? | Reciprocity, commitment/consistency, social proof, authority, liking, scarcity. |
| What are the two reasons people compare themselves to others? | To feel better about themselves and to compare themselves to people better than them. |
| Define cognitive dissonance | Discomfort from inconsistent beliefs/behaviors |
| give an example of cognitive dissonance | smoking despite knowing health risks. |
| Define Social Identity Theory | Identity tied to group membership |
| give an example of social identity theory | sports team loyalty. |
| Define the Stereotype Content Model. | Groups judged on warmth and competence |
| Name one factor that increases prejudice. | Competition, perceived threat. |
| Name one factor that decreases prejudice. | Intergroup contact, cooperation, shared goals. |
| How does the findings relate to normative social influence | The sex differences in romantic selectivity shifted depending on the arbitrary dating norm. Showing that people dating behavior was shaped by social expectations about roles rather than by new information about attraction. |
| What was the general pattern of results? | The sex differences in romantic selectivity disappeared when women rotated, with the approaching group consistently reporting greater romantic interest and less selectivity than the seated group/ |
| What factors were manipulated in the study | Whether men or women rotated during speed dating events. |
| What was the general procedure | They used a dating experiment where either men or women rotated between partners, testing how the act of approaching versus being approached influenced romantic selectivity |