Abnormal Behavior

Behavior that deviates from societal norms Behavior that is - Deviant(atypical) Maladaptive(dysfunctional) Personally distressing(despair)

Theoretical Approaches

Biological - Medical Model Psychological Sociocultural Biophysical Model

Anxiety Disorder

Uncontrollable fears that are disruptive and disproportionate to others.

Genetic Disposition

Your genetic lineage increases your likelihood of having it.

Panic Disorder Genetic Disposition Psychological Factors Ladies are 2x more likely to have this disorder

Recurring symptoms, onset of intense terror that is often without warning.

Misinterpreted arousal

assuming the worst

GAD

Etiology Genetic Disposition, GABA, deficiency, and respiration. Psychological and Sociocultural Factors Harsh self-standards, critical parents, negative thoughts, and trauma.

OCD

Diagnosis/Symptoms Persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts/urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce a situation Etiology Genetic Disposition Psychological Factors Life stress Diathesis - Stress model

PTSD

Diagnosis/Symptoms Developed as a result of exposure to a traumatic event, oppressive situation, natural or unnatural disaster. Including - Flashbacks Excessive arousal Constricted ability to feel emotions Impulsive outbursts Feelings of apprehension Difficulty with memory and concentration You want to have the person walk through the traumatic event in as much detail as possible multiple times The theory is that it will take the power away from the traumatic event over time.

Dissociation

Protecting yourself from extreme stress/shock and problems integrating emotional memories.

Dissociative Amnesia

Experiencing extreme memory loss caused by extensive psychological stress.

Dissociative Fatigue

Experiencing amnesia, unexpectedly traveling away and sometimes assuming a new identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

An individual possesses 2+ distinctive personality. Most controversial Each Personality has unique memories , behaviors, and relationships Only 1 is dominant at a time They shift under distress Etiology Extraordinary severe abuse in early childhood

Social contagion

When you are aware of a disease and you automatically think you have it Mostly common in women Runs in families - genetic disposition

Mood Disorders

Disturbance of mood that affects their entire emotional state. Symptoms may be - Cognitive - assuming the worst Behavioral - Not wanting to get out of bed Physical Interpersonal Difficulties Types- Major Depressive disorder Dysthmic disorder Bipolar disorder

Major Depressive disorder-

Can be taken out of context because sometimes you will be prescribed even though you are going through normal things. Diagnosis and Symptoms Significant depressive episode that lasts for at least two weeks Daily function is impaired Defined by presence of at least 5 out of 9 symptoms Treatment for extreme depression Medication Talk therapy You are more likely to have it if Genetic disposition High levels of stress

Dysthmic disorder

Diagnosis and Symptoms Chronic Depression: Unbroken depressed mood over 2 years(for adults) and 1 year(for child) Defined by 2 out 6 symptoms

Bipolar disorder -

Diagnosis and Symptoms Extreme mood swings - Depression to Mania Usually a frequency and separation of episodes - usually 6 months-1 year Types Bipolar 1 - extreme Bipolar 2 - mild Treating Lithium salts Medication Challenges with Treatment Getting them to stay on medication. They usually aren’t worried about their future and when they will have an episode, especially if they aren't currently having an episode. You are more likely to have it if Genetic Disposition

Suicide

It is common to think about your death, the concern is when you add specific things(such as: time, location, how..) 3rd leading cause in Adolescents(teens-18) Best Predictors are - Making past attempts and monitoring social media The predictors are helpful but they are not enough

Schizophrenia

Highly disordered thoughts(usually thinking about bad things) Typically diagnosed as an adult High risk of suicide Diagnosis and Symptoms Split from reality(psychotic) Adding symptoms(referred to as positive) Hallucinations and Delusions(Can’t be about your culture) Disordered thoughts and movements

Preferential Thinking

Giving a personal meaning to random things that happen

Personality Disorders

Chronic maladaptive cognitive and behavioral patterns

Antisocial Personality Disorder(ASPD

Prone in men Interaction with testosterone could result in having this disorder Having a lower frontal cortex activation Diagnosis and Symptoms Guiltless lawbreaking(don’t understand and think about how crimes are wrong) Violent Deceitful Impulsive Irritable Reckless Irresponsible Lack of remorse Failure to operate professionally Using manipulation Can be common with serial killer/murderers

Borderline Personality Disorder

more prone in women Diagnosis and Symptoms Unstable interpersonal relationships and self-image Impulsive Insecure Unstable and extreme emotions Unstable levels of anger, an inappropriate amount Irrational beliefs Hypervigilant: State of excessively being alert and looking for possible threats Etiology Genetic Disposition Childhood abuse Treatments and Therapies Biological Therapies Psychotherapy Sociocultural Approaches and issues Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Biomedical Approach

Reduce/eliminate symptoms by altering body functions

Antianxiety drugs

Benzodiazepines and Buspirone

Antidepressant drugs

Tricyclics, Tetracyclics, Monoamine Oxidase(MAO inhibitors), and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI’s) Some risk of psychological dependency

Antipsychotic drugs

Neuroleptics(Side Effect is Tardive Dyskinesia) and Atypical Drugs

Bipolar Disorder

Lithium

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Small electric currents that produce a brief seizure Used to treat major depressive disorder, which has not responded to other treatments Deep Brain Simulation

Prefrontal Lobotomies

Entering through the eye with an ice pick, locate the frontal cortex and swoosh it around

Psychotherapy:

Face-to-face or cybertherapy, helping people recognize and overcome psychological and interpersonal difficulties. Types of therapy- Psychodynamic Humanistic Behavior Cognitive

Psychodynamic therapy

Typically takes a long time to see results Emphasis on - Unconscious mind Therapeutic Interpretation Early childhood experiences

Humanistic Therapies

Emphasis on - Self healing Conscious thoughts Self-fullfilment Goal - Self-understanding Personal Growth Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy Nondirective self-exploration Warm supportive Atmosphere Actively listening and reflective speech Unconditional Positive regard Empathy and genuineness Some people leave a session feeling like so now what, what do I do? You go through the process to learn how to help yourself.

Behavior Therapies

Emphasis on - Overt Behavior change rather than insights into yourself or into underlying causes Goal - Reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors Classical and Operant Conditioning Treating phobias Aversive Conditioning - EX(Taking medicine b4 you drink, once you drink the alcohol you become sick, making you not want to drink alcohol)

Phobic Disorder(Phobias)

an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object/situation