Cottage Industry System
Production was done inside of homes which meant they used manual labor and simple tools. Which meant they sold goods locally only.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cottage Industry System | Production was done inside of homes which meant they used manual labor and simple tools. Which meant they sold goods locally only. |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in England 1750. Started with the textile industry. Factory emerged as a centralized location. Industrial machines led to rapid growth of cities (urbanization) |
| Pyro Technologies | Needing materials in the absence of oxygen to produce fuel, light, heat, sound or smoke. Done by chemical reactions. Primarily used to make pottery and metals. It was a key step in industrializing the industry. |
| Situational Factors | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory includes bulk gaining and bulk reducing. |
| Site Factors | Location factors related to the cost of factors of production inside the plant such as land, labor, and capital. |
| Proximity to Inputs | Industries locate closer to inputs because it's more expensive to transport heavy bulky raw materials than the lighter finished product. Example: metal, lumber and paper mills, panning and food processing. |
| Proximity to Markets | Distance from production to markets. |
| Raw materials required for production of certain goods. | |
| Bulk-Reducing Industries | Final product weighs less or has lower volume than the raw materials input to create it. |
| Bulk-Gaining Industries | The final product weighs more or has more volume than the inputs. Examples: beverage production, fabricated metal products like cars, refrigerators, microwaves; furniture. |
| Perishable-Products Companies | Mid 19th century refrigerators allowed fresh meat to be transported across the country. Milk could be stored longer and transported into urban areas. Perishables like meat and dairy. |
| Support Industries | -Agriculture provided food and labor industries, -resource extraction of coal and iron ore, -manufacturing of textiles -Canals, -railroads, -telegraphs -electricity. |
| Single-Market Manufacturers | Producers with very limited customers. Example: making buttons or zippers were located in closer proximity to their customers to minimize transportation costs. |
| How was industry organized prior to the Industrial Revolution? | Cottage industries and small workshops would provide raw materials to rural households for processing with the finished goods being collected by the merchants later. Production was for the local market, each item was made one at a time and often involved master craftsmen and apprentices. |
| Where did industrial production take place prior to the Industrial Revolution? | Rural households and small workshops in towns. |
| What was the major catalyst for the Industrial Revolution? | Technological innovations, particularly the steam engine combined with abundant natural resources like coal. A shift in agriculture that created a surplus of labor. |
| What changes resulted from the Industrial Revolution? | -Increased food production, -people working for -wages, -increased demand for textile products, -financial innovations, -stock market, -investments, -increase in scientific thinking to mechanical and technological facets, -transportation of raw materials and finished -products became faster and cheaper. -Coal =major source of power. -Increase in patent laws, -expansion of navy to protect local trade. |
| What are the three major industrial regions around the world? | Europe, North America, east Asia. |
| More than 50% of the global industrial output occurs in four countries. What are those countries? | China, the US, Japan, and Germany. China produces more than the US. |
| What are the primary factors that influence the location of manufacturing plants? | The cost of transportation is directly proportional to the bulk of the item being transported. This means it costs more to transport heavy bulk things than small things transport cost will be lower if -product is produced at the source of inputs and -lighter smaller finished products are shipped to the market. |
| Romance Languages | Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Italian, French SPRIF |
| Evolved from the language of Roman Empire | Linguistic commonalities-vocabulary and grammatical structures |
| Germanic | -Sub-family of Indo-European language family -Spoken in Europe, N America, Oceania and SW Africa -Divided into WEST, NORTH, EAST GERMANIC -58 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES |
| Language Family | -A group of languages from a common origin -7 major families -They share grammar, vocabulary and structure |
| Language Sub-Family | A smaller division within a language family that has shared innovations. Examples: Germanic is a subfamily of Indo-European. |
| Shared innovations refers to unique features to a particular branch and its descendence. | Romance languages are a sub family to indo-european. |
| Dialect | -Variety of a language spoken in a particular region or by a particular group. -Different from the main language in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. -Example: Calling soda - pop. Or cotillion being a turtle. |
| Lingua Franca | A language common between speakers whose native languages are different. Example: Mixing Italian with French, Greek and Spanish, to use in a levant |
| Indo-European | -A family of languages spoken across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. -Spoken by 40% of the world's population -Includes: Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Indo-Iranian. |
| Proto-Indo-European | -The ancestor language of Indo-European. -Originated in present day Ukraine and Russia. -Spoken when no written language was available. |
| Uses of language | -Informative - describing, informing and reasoning -Expressive - for emotions and personal thoughts -Directive - providing directions -Social - Building relationships -Ludic - Puns and riddles -Symbolic - Poetry, drama, religion. |
| language families - How are they distributed geographically? | Indo-European - globally wide spread Sino-Tibetan - East Asia Niger-Congo - Sub Saharan Africa. Austronesian - Pacific and Madagascar |
| What are the differences between a language family, sub-family and dialect? | Language family -One language from which all in the family came from -Have shared features, vocabulary, language and sound. Example: Indo-European language all came from proto Indo-European. |
| Language subfamily | -A branch or group -Members share features not present in the ancestor language. Example: Germanic languages are a subfamily of Indo-European - west Germanic is a branch of the sub family. |
| Dialect | -A regional or social variety of a single language -Varies in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. -Differences are a result of geographic or social separation. Example: American English differs from British English. |
| What are the Indo-European languages? | Albanian Indo-Arianian Anatolian Indic Armenian Iranian Baltic Italic or Romance Balto-Slavic Slavic Celtic Tocharian Germanic Greek |
| How did Indo-European spread? | Anatolian hypothesis = migration of early farmers from modern day turkey 9500 years ago. Kurgan hypothesis = nomadic shepherds from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe area 600 years ago. |
| What role did subsistence and lifestyle play in the spread of Indo-European? | Agriculture, the horse, the wheel and the wagon resulted in human migration which in turn resulted in spread of language. |
| Why is English so widespread today? | -The British empire spread English through colonization, trade, and cultural exports. -The global power of the United States. -American Media such as films and music. |
| Why is language important beyond providing a means of communicating ideas? | Language unifies people and allows ideas to be shared. |
| What are the issues involved with dying languages? | -Losing artifacts of culture because they cannot be translated to the new language. -Losing scientific and cognitive knowledge like traditions, poetry, and myths. -May lead to political oppression and human rights concerns. |
| Universalizing Religions | -Appeal to all people regardless of ethnicity or background -Actively seek converts to their religion -Examples: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism |
| Universalizing religions are diffused through contagious and relocation diffusion | -Buddhism spread in East and Southeast Asia via contagious diffusion along trading routes and globally via relocation diffusion -Christianity spread through expansion and relocation diffusion in South America, Africa, and Asia due to colonization and through contagious diffusion due to missionary activity -Islam spread through contagious diffusion due to trade and conquest in Africa and Asia |
| Ethnic Religions | -emphasize the unique cultural traits of a single ethnic group -do not attempt to appeal to or convert a large audience -stay closer to their hearths -tied to sacred spaces, such as natural features or ancestral lands -Judaism and Hinduism are ethnic religions |
| How did ethnic religions (Hinduism and Judaism) diffuse through relocation diffusion? | -Hinduism originated in South Asia and spread to Europe and the United States via relocation diffusion as migrant populations moved from India to those areas -Judaism originated in the Middle East (modern-day Israel) and spread to North America and Europe via relocation diffusion due to migration |
| Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace and stability in the roman empire. From 27 BCE to 180 CE. |
| Palestine: | -Region in the Mediterranean sea and extends east of the Jordan river. -known as holy land making it sacred to Jewish, Christians and Muslims. -Israeli Jews = 50% of the population |
| Emperor Constantine | The Roman emperor 1. consolidated the roman empire, 2. legalized Christianity, 3. helped establish early Christian doctrine. -consolidated the Roman Empire's unity in the early 4th century. - legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, ending persecution -played a significant role in the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, which helped establish early Christian doctrine. Constantine's leadership led to the foundation of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) as a new capital, shifting the empire's focus to the east. |
| Mohammed | Prophet of Islam -taught the teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus -was an Arab religious, military and political leader -the founder of Islam. - his teachings and normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. |
| Mecca | The birth place and the holiest city of Islam. Mohammad's birthplace. |
| Medina | -Saudi Arabia -Second holiest city of Islam. -The cradle of Islamic culture and civilization. -Where Mohammad was buried. -Each year Muslims go there during their pilgrimage -to be a good Muslim you should go there at least once in your lifetime. |
| Muslim | -A follower of Islam. -Someone who surrenders/submits to Allah. -Quran is the foundational religious text of Islam -believe Judaism and Christianity are earlier versions of Islam -follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad |
| Islam | It's the second largest religion after Christianity. Believes Mohammad is the main and final of God prophets. . |
| 5 Pillars of Islam | The 5 pillars of Islam are obligations 1.oath and creed, 2.alms giving 3.daily prayers 4.fasting during Ramadan 5.a pilgrimage to mecca |
| Siddhartha Gautama | -The buddha. . . established Buddhism -Father protected him and didn’t let him go outside. -He went through 4 different journeys and met one messenger on each journey. -He practiced the abstinence of worldly pleasure to obtain a higher spiritual state. -He created the art of being a Monk and monastic discipline. -Buddha meaning awakened/enlightened one. 1. awakened from ignorance and 2. enlightened of all objects of knowledge. , the Buddha taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism,[10] leading to freedom from ignorance, craving, rebirth, and suffering. His core teachings are summarised in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind that includes ethical training and kindness toward others, and meditative practices such as sense restraint, mindfulness, dhyana (meditation proper). Another key element of his teachings are the concepts of the five skandhas and dependent origination, describing how all dharmas (both mental states and concrete 'things') come into being, and cease to be, depending on other dharmas, lacking an existence on their own (svabhava). |
| Nirvana | Nirvana is the ultimate enlightenment. In Buddhism is the concept of the individuals passions being extinguished for ultimate state of salvation, release, or liberation from suffering (dukkha) and from the cycle of birth and rebirth (saṃsāra). a state of perfect quietude, freedom, and highest happiness; liberation from attachment and worldly suffering; and the ending of samsara, the cycle of existence |
| Emperor Asoka | Patron of Buddhism -spread Buddhism across ancient Asia. -Established the third Buddhist council -supported Buddhist missionaries, and -made donations to the sangha. -Propagated dharma meaning righteousness. |
| Although religion and language provide a sense of cultural identity, there are major differences between them. What are these differences? | |
| What are the three main universalizing religions? | Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. |
| What are the major ethnic religions found around the world? | Judaism and Hinduism. |
| What are the major differences between universalizing religions and ethnic religions | Universalizing is religions that anyone can be a part of/global religions and ethnic religions are ethnicity based. |
| How do the differences between universalizing and ethnic religions affect the distribution of religions, and the extent of sacred space? | Universalization is global and Ethnic religions are contained in certain geographic areas. Places of worship cites are more based on the historical and heritage context of the communities they serve. Universalizing religions spread through missionaries, ethnic spread through cultural transmission. |
| Why are some religions more widespread than are others? | The diffusion patterns of these religions also differ, 1. universalizing religions typically spreading through missionary efforts and expansion diffusion, 2. ethnic religions may rely more on cultural transmission and limited evangelism. |
| What are the major teachings of Christianity? | 1. Jesus is the messiah, 2. new testament is part of the holy scripture, 3. more about personal relationship with God than legalistic requirements, 4. was eventually accepted and approved by the Roman empire. |
| What factors contributed to the spread of Christianity? | |
| What are the major teachings of Islam? | God referred to as Allah, five pillars of obligations shahada, salat, zakat, sawm, and hajj, muhammad was the greatest and final prophet, centrede more aroud teh arabian peninsula than isreal/west bank area, holy text is Quran and rulers are known as “Caliphs” |
| What factors contributed to the spread of Islam? | |
| What are the major teachings of Buddhism? | Don’t believe in a God, everyone can achieve happiness, you own your own karma, meditation is essential, Nirvana is the ultimate Goal, the bad things are greed and anger, the good are generosity, kindness and compassion. |
| What factors contributed to the spread of Buddhism? | |
| How is religion marked on the landscape (This concerns the use of sacred space)? | |
| Why do religious differences frequently result in conflict? | Religion tends to general violence, fear and hatred. Takes control of certain land. |
| Where are the conflicts that involve religion? | Control of land Differences in ideology Attempts to spread one's relition History of persecution |
| Geopolitics | International relations with an emphasis on geographical factors. |
| State | -A political entity with sovereignty over a defined territory. -Defense and control = military. -Diplomatic recognition. -Have a national bureaucracy, Laws, regulations and taxes. |
| Nation | - cultural group of people with shared history, language and culture. -Ignores political boundaries. -Existence, definition and members can change. -Socially constructed unit. Example: The Cherokee Nation in the USA |
| Nation State | A state that is home to a single dominant nation. It's possible for one state to contain multiple nations or for a nation to be without a state. |
| Multinational State | A state can contain multiple nations. example: Belgium has a Flemish population and a Walloon population = One state, two nations. |
| Micronationalism | The practice of establishing and running a micronation - a self proclaimed severance state - is not recognised by any international governing body. Example: Vatican City = has its own government and laws but is not legally a nation. |
| Centrifugal Forces | Forces that pull a country apart leading to conflict, fragmentation and instability. Examples: Ethnic divisions, economic disparities, political unrest. |
| Centripetal Forces | Forces that unify and strengthen a nation. Examples: shared nationalism, cohesive government, effective infrastructure, effective governments, national identity. |
| Conflict Theories | Explain human geography by analyzing how power in equality and competition over resources shape spatial patterns. Example: Struggles for territorial control, economic dominance, and political power influence migration. |
| Integration Theories | |
| Ethnographic Boundaries | Cultural borders that divide different ethnic, linguistic, or religious groups -created after a population has settled to reflect existing differences. Example: boundaries separating French speaking and English speaking parts of Canada. |
| Geometric Boundaries | A boundary that follows a straight line and may coincide with a line of latitude or longitude. |
| Physical Boundaries | A boundary that follows a natural feature. Example: river, mountain range, lake. |
| International Organization | Systems where states corporate voluntarily and decision making typically require the consensus of the members. Power remains with the individual states. Example: The United Nations or Nato. |
| Supranational Organizations | Have the authority to make decisions that are binding on member states even if some states disagree. Example: The european union which has its own court budget or policies that are binding on its members states. |
| Globalization | The increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the world due to flows of goods, services, ideas and people. |
| Hydropolitics | -Study of politics and water. -Focusing on how water resources are shared, allocated, controlled and managed between states and communities. -Control over water is the source of power and strategic advantage. |
| The Tyranny of the Map | -Describes how map making often by those in power can ignore or conflict with the realities of a region's people, culture, or land. -Leads to negative consequences like conflict, division, and inequality. Example: African borders were drawn without respect to tribal cultures which has caused long term instability. |
| How do states and nations differ? | A state is a political division where as a nation is a cultural division. |
| What are some examples of nations? | Navaho nation Nation of Islam. |
| How are some of the ways in which states can be defined or classified? | States can be classified 1. by their morphology or physical shape into categories like compact, elongated, prorupted, fragmented, and perforated. 2. by level of sovereignty 3. by a relationship to a nation. |
| Where and when did the state first appear? | Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, and the Americas. Example: Aztec and inka. |
| What were some of the consequences of the emergence of the state? | Members settled in communities led to class division and specialization. |
| What types of theories have been put forward to explain the emergence of the state? | Organic theory - states that nations must continually seek nourishment in the form of gaining land. If a nation doesn’t conquer territories it will be conquered. Heart land theory - whoever controlled eastern europe would control the world because eastern Europe was abundant in raw materials and farm land. Rim Land theory - Lands of the outer rim were the key to controlling Eurasia and then the world because this area contains most of the world's population and resources. Marxist Theory - politics is intermingled with economic relations therefore economic power and political power are related. Primarily served the upper class. The state is portrayed as a parasite because it works against the public interest and only toward the economy. Anarchism - Political philosophy states or immoral so society should be stateless. Social relations should be unrelated to state power. Pluralist society is a collection of individuals and groups competing for political power and the state is neutral to enact the will of the dominant group. Hydraulic Civilization - States were developed to administer large public works systems. And so regulate complex economies. Leaders controlled the water supply. Coercion, War and the State - Focuses on the rise of nation states when leveraging resources to fight and defend against wars. Rationalization and The Bureaucracy - uses the invention of writing to explain formation of states and political institutions. |
| Why is the question of state origins important? | It explains which form of which nation state is dominant and why they became so prevalent. |
| How have state boundaries in Europe changed throughout history? | Changed through wars, alliances, and the rise and fall of empires. Examples: WW1, WW2, Roman Empire became the Amen Empire, Treaty of Versailles, collapse of the soviet union. |
| What three events resulted in the redrawing of the map of Europe during the 20th century? | 1. Fall of the Soviet Union 2. Treaty of Versailles 3. WW1 when Turkey became a nation. |
| What are some of the issues concerning the drawing of boundaries around states and other administrative units? | |
| How have colonialism, decolonialism and the way in which boundaries were established influenced the current political situation in Africa. | |
| How do past colonial history and boundary formation affect the political situation in other parts of the world such as the Balkans, Turkey, Iraq, and Israel-Palestine? | |
| What are the five basic shapes that states may take and what issues are associated with them? | |
| What are some of the issues associated with landlocked states? | |
| Human Development Index | Measures a country's process in health, education and living standards, life expectancy, GNI per capita, health care, disparities between ethnic and racial groups. |
| MDC | More developed countries. Example: United states, Germany and Japan. |
| LDC | Lesser developed countries. -Less industrialization -poor living standards -low economic state. |
| Reciprocal Economy | -Exchanges good, services, and labor. -Shared obligations. -No money involved. |
| Redistributive Economy | Using money from wealthy people to support programs for the low income communities. -pays for Education, health care, housing, food assistance. -Usually done through taxes. |
| Market Exchange Economy | -Uses supply and demand to value the prices of goods and services. -Includes private ownership. -Minimal government interference. |
| Primary Sector Secondary | Natural resources farming, fishing, raw materials. |
| Secondary Sector | Manufacturing and processing. |
| Sector Tertiary Sector | Distribution, service and banking. |
| Quaternary Sector | Knowledge, information, research. |
| Brain Drain | When America influences educated intelligent people from other countries to work in the US because they get paid more and have more opportunities. |
| Value Added | -When more additions are made to an item the value increases. -Exclusive of initial cost. - the difference between market and sum value of what it took to get to market. -Value added = selling price - cost. |
| Why is the concept of the Third World problematic? What would be a better way to classify differences in development around the world? | -It is outdated and based on old political views/developments. -Better way to describe the countries would be upper, middle, and lower income or development. |
| What are the indicators of economic development, and what do they tell us? | 1. Gross domestic product=total value of goods and services. 2. unemployment=Employment percentage that is jobless. 3. inflation=the rate general prices rise 4. literacy rates=percentage of the population that can read and write. 5. infrastructure=the state of the country like roads, bridges and the internet. 6. life expectancy 7. access to health care |
| What is an economic system? | Organizes how a society produces, distributes and consumes goods and services. |
| What are the three types of economic systems found around the world? | 1. Traditional = decisions are based on custom like everyone grows their own food. 2. Command economy = government controls and makes all decisions. 3. Mixed = combines market and command, it has private enterprise with government regulation. |
| In terms of different economic sectors, why are there major economic disparities between LDC's and MDC's? | Economic structure, income and infrastructure. Upper developed countries have more of an economic structure, income and infrastructure while lower developed countries do not. |
| What are the indicators of social development, and what do they tell us? | Indicators: 1. Life expectancy, 2. literacy rates, 3. birth and death rates, 4. infant mortality, They tell us 1. the quality of life. 2. Social progress, 3. population dynamics and 4. effectiveness of national policies. |
| What is the connection between population, population growth and development? | As countries become more developed the birth rate lowers and the population decreases. |
| What are the major obstacles to development? | 1. Physical geography 2. isolated communities 3. poverty 4. discrimination 5. resource scarcity 6. climate change These cause under psycho-development. |
| How do each of these obstacles affect development? | -Physical obstacle = limits access to trade, markets and resources. -Poverty obstacle = limits growth. -Discrimination = limits opportunities and participation. -Resource scarcity = pollution, habitat loss, decreased water availability. -Climate change creates a strain on all systems because the weather is more severe. |
| Where are the More Developed Countries located? | North America, western Europe and east Asia. United States, New Zealand, Korea, Australia, UK exc. |
| Where are the Less Developed Countries located? | Africa, some parts of Asia, and pacific regions and southern America. |
| What is an "In-Betweener" and why should we consider them? | an emerging or developing nation becoming a more diverse economy. They should be considered because their developing will strengthen their trade. |
| Where are the "In-Betweeners" located? | Brazil, Turkey, South Africa, India, Indonesia. |
| Hunter gatherer | -People before they learned how to farm. -The norm until 12 thousand years ago. -Can include fishing, trapping, fruits and roots, -no domesticated crops or animals -people had to be nomadic and follow food sources |
| Seasonal round | -Traditional pattern of migration and resource gathering -follows the natural cycles of plants and animals. -Moving between different areas during different times of the year. -Mostly indigenous people. |
| Egalitarian society | A philosophical perspective that all humans are equal and deserve equal treatment. -Everyone has an opportunity for ownership, industry, wealth and social equality. -Equal rights and treatment under the law. |
| Fertile Crescent | A crescent shaped region in the middle east that was the birthplace of early civilizations, -includes Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. -3 rivers: Tigris, Euphrates and Nile=fertile land |
| Hearth of domestication | The original regions where humans first domesticated plants and animals. Example: Fertile crescent, meso-America. |
| Agricultural complex | -Historical group of domesticated crops. -industries related to agriculture. -A physical agricultural structure used for farming purposes. |
| Swidden agriculture (slash and burn agriculture) | -A type of shifting cultivation where land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation to create a field for temporary farming. -Not permanent, temporary farming. -Sometimes land has to be left alone for 20 years in order to recover. Example: Meso-america today and rural vietnam. |
| Pastoralism | -Form of agriculture focused on raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. -Vital in regions unsuitable for crop farming. -Usually requires people to be nomadic. |
| Intensive agriculture | Maximizes crop and livestock yields from a single piece of land through high inputs like fertilizers, labor and technology. Factory farming. |
| Plantation agriculture | A commercial farming system that involved growing a single crop across a large area of land to maximize profits and output. Examples: cotton, sugar, tobacco. |
| Von Thünen Model | Land use model that shows how agricultural land is used around a central market based on transportation cost and land values. |
| What changes occurred with the shift from foraging to agriculture? | People were able to settle in one place rather than being nomads. Led to 1. population growth, 2. division of labor 3. more complex societies. |
| What were some of the problems encountered by early agriculturalists? | 1. Arid conditions, 2. depletion of nutrients in soil, 3. growing enough food to sustain the people who 4. lived on their farms, 5. natural disasters, 6. poor nutrition from insufficient diet, 7. challenges with water management, 8. increased physical labor, 9. potential for crop failure and famine, disease. |
| What are the different agricultural complexes and where do they occur? | Defined by primary output which is largely determined by climate, soil type and economic factors. Commercial: Farming for profit. Subsistence: Just for farmers' consumption. Eastern agricultural complex: Eastern north america |
| Agricultural complexes: name 6 types | 1. Intensive subsistence 2. Wet rice dominant 3. Crops other than rice dominant 4. Pastoral nomadism 5. Shifting cultivation 6. Plantation |
| Where did agriculture first emerge? | Mesopotamia, the fertile crescent. |
| What is a hearth of domestication and how do they help us understand the emergence of agriculture in different parts of the world? | -Revealed agriculture did not originate in a single location but in several independent parts around the world. -Each part developed distinct local systems and produced regional domesticated plants and animals. |
| Where are you most likely to find swidden agriculture? | -The mountainous and hilly regions - Latin America, central Africa and southeast Asia. -where permanent farms are difficult to sustain. |
| Where are you most likely to find nomadic pastoralism? | Arid and semi-arid regions of africa, central and southwest asia, northern europe and siberia. Reason for arid and semi-arid areas is because those areas can’t sufficiently grow crops. |
| Why are plantations frequently found in coastal areas? | Coastal areas provide access to transportation because plantations grow enough for global distribution. Considered cash crops. Sufficient cheap water transportation. Soil is more fertile in coastal areas. |
| What factors influence the type of agriculture practiced and the type of crops grown? | Weather patterns, type of soil, factors influencing type of agriculture, topography, wind, humidity, irrigation, density of population, pest, nutrients, social factors like what will people want to eat and who will do the work. |