Cloud Computing

Delivery of computing services (servers, storage, databases, networking, software) over the internet.

3 Cloud Service Models

Iaas Paas Saas

Linux - Store user acc info?

/etc/passwd

Linux - Show running processes?

ps or top

DNS

Convert domain names into IP Addresses

Protocol used for Web Traffic?

HTTP / HTTPS

Check Network Connectivity?

ping

ITIL - Incident?

Unplanned Interruption

ITIL - Goal of Incident Management?

Restore Service ASAP

Incident vs Problem?

Incident = Service Interruption Problem = Root cause of Incidents

DevOps? Main Goal?

Culture combining Development and Operations to deliver software faster and more reliably Create Scalable and Reliable Systems

CI/CD?

Continuous Integration Continuous Deployment/Delivery

SRE?

Apply SE principles to Operations and Reliability

Who Created SRE?

Google

Main Goal of SRE?

Create Scalable and Reliable Systems

SRE Principles - TOIL?

Manual, Repetitive Operational Work

Blameless Postmortems

Review Incidents without blaming individuals

Purpose of Blameless Culture?

Learn and Improve Processes

SLI

Service Layer Indicator - Measurement

SLO

Service Layer Objectives - Target Value for Service Reliability

SLA

Service Layer Agreement - Formal Agreement with Customers

Error Budget?

Amount of Acceptable failure allowed before reliability work is prioritized

Error budget Formula?

100 - SLO

When Error budget is Exhausted?

New feature releases may stop until reliability improves

3 Pillars of Observability

Metrics, Logs, Traces

Monitoring vs Observability

Monitoring: Detects issues Observability: Explains why issues happened

Which Metric Shows server CPU Usage?

CPU Utilization

Good Alert Characteristics?

Actionable Timely Relevant

Alter Fatigue?

Too many alters causing engrs to ignore them

Reliability Metrics - Avaliability Formula?

Uptime / Total Time x 100

Load Balancer?

Distribute traffics across multiple servers

On-Call

Respond to Production Incidents

What should an on-call engineer do first?

Assess impacts and restore service

Emergency Response - During Major Outage, Priority is?

Restore Service First, Root Cause analysis comes later

Why Test Reliability

Ensure systems continue working under stress or failures

Chaos Engineering?

Intentionally introducing failures to test system reliance

Goal of Chaos Engineering?

Find weaknesses before real failures occur

Chaos Monkey?

Netflix tool that randomly terminates servers

Litmus?

Kurbernetes Chaos Engineering Experiments (create small problems inside containers)

Gremlin?

Commercial Chaos Engineering Platform

Chaos Mesh

kurbernetes-native chaos testing tool (create wide variety of failures)

AIOps?

Using AI and ML to Automate IT Operations

Benefits of AIOps?

Faster Incident Detection Root Cause Analysis Predictive Monitoring