appraisal
an antecedent focused strategy of emotion regulation in which a situation is considered and the meaning behind it is evaluated. Aids in creating emotional responses
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| appraisal | an antecedent focused strategy of emotion regulation in which a situation is considered and the meaning behind it is evaluated. Aids in creating emotional responses |
| Gross & John 2003 | Appraisal definition + appraisal versus response strategy debate |
| appraisal debate | appraisal methods lead to greater expression of positive emotions & interpersonal function because it occurs before full situation versus response focused strategies act as a supression of emotions after the situation happens |
| stereotypes | generalized beliefs about the characteristics and behaviors of members of a specific social group. They can be accurate but are usually not, and are the cognitive component of prejucidical attitudes |
| Devine 1989 | stereotypes + controlled & automatic thinking processes |
| Allport 1954 | the major processes of stereotypes are social categorization and reliance on heuristic processing |
| steele & aronson 1995 | stereotype threat + other consequences like racism, homophobia, conflict with others |
| Fisk et al 2002 | 4 types of stereotypes along 2 dimensions (warmth and competence) |
| Correll et al 2007 | police officers were shown to be faster/more likely to shoot armed Black targets than white, slower to not shoot unarmed Black men. Demonstrates how racially biased stereotypes can be automatically triggered in high intensity situations |
| conditions in which attitude influences behavior | obedience, situational urgency, implicit bias presence |
| Burger 2009 | demonstrated people still rely on obeying authority figures in a Milgram replication BUT they'll follow social norms of other confederates |
| Darley & Batson 1973 | people who believe they are in a rush or late are less likely to show prosocial behavior like helping someone on the street as urgency takes up cognitive resources |
| Burger 2009 (normative social influence) | a cognitive process in which people feel a need to be accepted and therefore attempt to align with the perceived social norms/expectations of a group |
| Altruism variables | empathy, situational factors, diffusion of responsability, social norms |
| tankersley 2007 | empathy is the ability to understand or share feelings of other people's experiences, which can influence the degree at which someone acts on a helping behavior |
| Darley & Batson 1973 (altruism) | situational factors, including the presence of others and the environmental context, are important for influencing helping behaviors - level of urgency |
| Darley & Gross 1983 | bystander effect is when people are less likely to help someone in distress in the presence of a group because there is diffusion of responsibility and roles get confused in assuming other people are already the situation |
| Fisk 2002 (social norms) | define what is appropriate in a situation, humans deeply desire social approval, so they act in accordance with norms so they can obtain said approval |
| self discrepancy theory | individuals are created with three different aspects of the self: the ideal, the ought, the actual. Discrepancies between the three create either anxiety or an idea that they've failed to meet obligations |
| Higgins et al 1987 | self discrepancy theory, unresolved discrepancy can create increased vulnerability/create maladaptive emotional outcomes |