Four Values of Communication
Personal Life, Personal Relationships, Professional Life, Civic Life
1/67
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Four Values of Communication | Personal Life, Personal Relationships, Professional Life, Civic Life |
| Communication | A systematic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meaning |
| Symbols | Rely on as representations of other things. Are our best clues to solving the mysteries of communication |
| Content Level Meaning | Literal message or information being conveyed |
| Relationship Level Meaning | Interpret the conversation based off of the individual's relationship. Defines relationships between communicators |
| How old is communication? | More than 2,500 years old |
| Rhetoric (Logos, Pathos, Ethos) | The art of effective or persuasive speaking on writing |
| Communication brings about what? | Progressive thought |
| INTRApersonal communication | communication with ourselves |
| INTERpersonal communication | communication with others |
| Group/Team communication | Focuses on decision-making, conflict management and group performance |
| Public communication | Includes both public speaking and criticism of public address |
| Organizational communication | shared codes of contact and organizational identity. "On the job" communication |
| Mass communication | Focuses on how things like the internet represent and influence cultural values |
| Intercultural communication | concentrates on how cultures shape an individual's way of communicating |
| Perception | Active process of selecting, organizing and interpreting things |
| Three interrelated processes of perception | Selection, organization and interpretation ` |
| Organization | organize our perception through meaningful ways, done so through four cognitive structures |
| Four cognitive structures of organization | Prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, scripts |
| Prototypes | clearest or ideal example of some category |
| Personal constructs | think of "either/or" categories, allows us to measure something along a bipolar dimension of judgement |
| Stereotypes | Predictive generalization |
| Scripts | spells out how we and others are expected to act in a situation. Social norms |
| Interpretation | creates explanation for what we observe and experience |
| in regard to communication humans are... | Verbivores; species that lives on words |
| Verbal Communication | consist of symbols in the form of written or spoken words |
| Three characteristics of language/verbal symbols | Arbitrary, Ambiguous, Abstracts (think of triple A batteries) |
| Arbitrary | Not essentially connected to what they represent |
| Ambiguous | Doesn't have a clear-cut precise meaning |
| Abstract | Words stand for phenomena, but they are not the things they represent |
| Communication rules | shared understandings among members of a particular culture or social group about what communication means and what behaviors are appropriate |
| Regulative rules | They regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where and with whom to communicate about certain things |
| Are rules rigidly fixed? | very few are, many don't realize a rule is broken until it is already done |
| Punctuation | A way to make a flow of activity into meaningful units |
| Five ways language affects lives | Defines phenomena, evaluates phenomena, organizes experiences, allows for hypothetical thought, allows for self reflection |
| Totalizing | Responding to a person as if one label totally represents that person |
| Loaded Language | Words that slant perceptions and thus meaning |
| I-statements | Identifies the speakers or perceivers thought and feelings. Owns responsibility |
| You-statements | Attributes intentions and motives to another person. Projects responsibility on to another person |
| Advantages of I-statements | Less defensiveness of others, more honesty, more empowering |
| Non-verbal (NV) communication | All aspects of communication other than words |
| How much does NV communication account for total meaning of communication? | 65-93% |
| Five principles of NV communication | Ambiguous, interacts with verbal communication, regulates interaction, establishes relationship level meaning and reflects cultural values |
| Regulating interaction using NV communication | tells us when to speak and when to keep silent |
| "The relationship language" | Responsiveness, liking and power |
| NV communication reflecting cultural values | Most Nv communication is instinctual but learned in process of socialization. reflects rules of specific cultures |
| Ten types of NV communication | Kinesics, Haptics, Physical appearance, Olfactics, Artifacts, Proxemics, Environmental Factors, Chronemics, Paralanguage and silence |
| Kinesics | Body position and body motions including those of the face |
| Haptics | NV communication involving physical touch |
| Olfactics | odors and scents |
| Artifacts | Personal objects we use to announce our identities and personalize our environments |
| Proxemics | refers to space and how we use it |
| Personal space | invisible bubble |
| Environmental factors | elements of setting that affect how we feel, think and act |
| Chronemics | study of the way we perceive and use the time to define identities and interaction |
| Paralanguage | Communication that is vocal but not actual words |
| Digital Media | electronic modes of communication that store and manage information in a digital from |
| Three key characteristics of digitalization | Manipulation, Convergence and speed |
| Five prominent ways we use digital media | Create identity, connecting with others, learning, professional communication, organizing |
| How much of waking time do we spend listening to others? | 45-55% |
| What does it mean to be mindful? | Responding, remembering, physically receiving messages, selecting and organizing information, interpretation communication |
| Mindfullness | Focusing on what is happening in the moment, involves complete docus and attention |
| 8 hours after receiving a message we remember about how much of our interpretations? | 35% |
| two types of obstacles to effective listening | Situational obstacles and internal obstacles |
| Situational Obstacles | Incomprehensibility, message overload and complexity, environmental distractions |
| Internal Obstacles | Preoccupation, Prejudgment, lack of effort, reacting emotionally to loaded language, not recognizing diverse listening styles |
| Forms of ineffective listening | Psuedolistening, monopolizing, selective listening, defensive listening, ambushing, literal listening |