Symbiosis
a relationship between 2 different species
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Symbiosis | a relationship between 2 different species |
| Mutualism | both species benefit |
| Commensalism | one species benefits, the other is unaffected |
| Parasitism | one species benefits, the other is harmed |
| Predation | one species benefits by killing and eating another |
| Predator | the organism that does the killing or hunting |
| Prey | the organism that is killed or hunted |
| Competition | when organisms fight for the same limited resources like food, water, space, mates, sunlight, or shelter |
| Population Density | the number of individuals in a certain area |
| Death Rate | the number of deaths in a species over a given time |
| Birth Rate | the number of births in a species over a given time |
| Carrying Capacity | the largest population an environment can support without running out of resources |
| Limiting Factors | biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) things that control population growth, like food, water, weather, or predators |
| Density Dependent Limiting Factors | factors that affect population growth based on how crowded it is, like competition, predation, disease, food, water, or mates |
| Density Independent Limiting Factors | factors that affect population size no matter how big or small it is, like extreme weather, natural disasters, or pollution |
| Invasive Species | a non-native organism that enters a new environment and causes harm to the ecosystem, human health, or economy |
| Native Species | plants or animals that naturally originated and live in an area without human help |
| Biodiversity | the variety of life on Earth |
| Predator-Prey Cycle | If prey increases, predators increase; if predators increase, prey decreases, and the cycle continues |
| Effect of Competition on Populations | Can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or both |
| How Limiting Factors Affect Carrying Capacity | Limiting factors determine how many organisms a habitat can support; changing them increases or decreases populations |
| Human Impact on Invasive Species | Humans can introduce invasive species, which outcompete natives and reduce biodiversity |
| What happens if population exceeds carrying capacity? | Not enough resources, so the population decreases |
| Example of Symbiosis | A bee pollinating a flower (mutualism) |
| Example of Predation 1 | A lion hunting a zebra |
| Example of Predation 2 | A fox hunting a rabbit |
| Example of Predation 3 | A bear catching a fish |
| Example of Predation 4 | A wolf hunting a deer |
| Example of Predation 5 | A shark eating a seal |
| Example of Predation 6 | An eagle catching a fish |
| Example of Predation 7 | An owl hunting a mouse |
| Example of Predation 8 | A snake eating a frog |
| Example of Competition | Two birds fighting over the same nest |
| Difference between density dependent and independent factors | Density dependent depend on population size; independent affect all sizes equally |
| What type of symbiotic relationship is it when both organisms benefit? | Mutualism |
| In predation, what is the organism that gets hunted called? | Prey |
| If there are more prey animals, what happens to the predator population? | It increases |
| What is competition? | Organisms fighting for limited resources like food or space |
| What does population density mean? | How many individuals are in a certain area |
| If the death rate is higher than the birth rate, what happens to the population? | It decreases |
| What is carrying capacity? | The maximum population an environment can support |
| Give an example of a density dependent limiting factor. | Competition or predation (also disease, food, water accepted) |
| What is an example of a density independent limiting factor? | Extreme weather or natural disaster |
| What is an invasive species? | A non-native organism that harms the environment |
| Why do invasive species grow quickly in new areas? | They have no predators |
| What does biodiversity refer to? | The variety of life on Earth |
| In commensalism, how is the second organism affected? | It is unaffected |
| What happens if a population goes over the carrying capacity? | There aren't enough resources, and the population decreases |
| True or False: Limiting factors are only biotic. | False (they can be biotic or abiotic) |
| What is parasitism? | One benefits, the other is harmed |
| Give an example of mutualism. | Bee and flower (bee gets nectar, flower gets pollinated) |
| How does an invasive species affect native species? | It outcompetes them for resources |
| If predators decrease, what happens to prey? | It increases |
| What resources do organisms compete for? | Food, water, space, mates, sunlight, shelter |
| In the relationship between a fox and a rabbit, which is the predator? | Fox |
| Identify the prey in: A bear catching a fish. | Fish |
| What is the predator in: A wolf hunting a deer? | Wolf |
| In a shark eating a seal, which animal is killed? | Seal |
| Give an example of a predator-prey pair. | Examples: Eagle and fish; Owl and mouse; Snake and frog (accept similar) |