Symbiosis
a relationship between 2 different species
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Symbiosis | a relationship between 2 different species |
Mutualism | both species benefit |
Commensalism | one species benefits, the other is unaffected |
Parasitism | one species benefits, the other is harmed |
Predation | one species benefits by killing and eating another |
Predator | the organism that does the killing or hunting |
Prey | the organism that is killed or hunted |
Competition | when organisms fight for the same limited resources like food, water, space, mates, sunlight, or shelter |
Population Density | the number of individuals in a certain area |
Death Rate | the number of deaths in a species over a given time |
Birth Rate | the number of births in a species over a given time |
Carrying Capacity | the largest population an environment can support without running out of resources |
Limiting Factors | biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) things that control population growth, like food, water, weather, or predators |
Density Dependent Limiting Factors | factors that affect population growth based on how crowded it is, like competition, predation, disease, food, water, or mates |
Density Independent Limiting Factors | factors that affect population size no matter how big or small it is, like extreme weather, natural disasters, or pollution |
Invasive Species | a non-native organism that enters a new environment and causes harm to the ecosystem, human health, or economy |
Native Species | plants or animals that naturally originated and live in an area without human help |
Biodiversity | the variety of life on Earth |
Predator-Prey Cycle | If prey increases, predators increase; if predators increase, prey decreases, and the cycle continues |
Effect of Competition on Populations | Can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or both |
How Limiting Factors Affect Carrying Capacity | Limiting factors determine how many organisms a habitat can support; changing them increases or decreases populations |
Human Impact on Invasive Species | Humans can introduce invasive species, which outcompete natives and reduce biodiversity |
What happens if population exceeds carrying capacity? | Not enough resources, so the population decreases |
Example of Symbiosis | A bee pollinating a flower (mutualism) |
Example of Predation 1 | A lion hunting a zebra |
Example of Predation 2 | A fox hunting a rabbit |
Example of Predation 3 | A bear catching a fish |
Example of Predation 4 | A wolf hunting a deer |
Example of Predation 5 | A shark eating a seal |
Example of Predation 6 | An eagle catching a fish |
Example of Predation 7 | An owl hunting a mouse |
Example of Predation 8 | A snake eating a frog |
Example of Competition | Two birds fighting over the same nest |
Difference between density dependent and independent factors | Density dependent depend on population size; independent affect all sizes equally |
What type of symbiotic relationship is it when both organisms benefit? | Mutualism |
In predation, what is the organism that gets hunted called? | Prey |
If there are more prey animals, what happens to the predator population? | It increases |
What is competition? | Organisms fighting for limited resources like food or space |
What does population density mean? | How many individuals are in a certain area |
If the death rate is higher than the birth rate, what happens to the population? | It decreases |
What is carrying capacity? | The maximum population an environment can support |
Give an example of a density dependent limiting factor. | Competition or predation (also disease, food, water accepted) |
What is an example of a density independent limiting factor? | Extreme weather or natural disaster |
What is an invasive species? | A non-native organism that harms the environment |
Why do invasive species grow quickly in new areas? | They have no predators |
What does biodiversity refer to? | The variety of life on Earth |
In commensalism, how is the second organism affected? | It is unaffected |
What happens if a population goes over the carrying capacity? | There aren't enough resources, and the population decreases |
True or False: Limiting factors are only biotic. | False (they can be biotic or abiotic) |
What is parasitism? | One benefits, the other is harmed |
Give an example of mutualism. | Bee and flower (bee gets nectar, flower gets pollinated) |
How does an invasive species affect native species? | It outcompetes them for resources |
If predators decrease, what happens to prey? | It increases |
What resources do organisms compete for? | Food, water, space, mates, sunlight, shelter |
In the relationship between a fox and a rabbit, which is the predator? | Fox |
Identify the prey in: A bear catching a fish. | Fish |
What is the predator in: A wolf hunting a deer? | Wolf |
In a shark eating a seal, which animal is killed? | Seal |
Give an example of a predator-prey pair. | Examples: Eagle and fish; Owl and mouse; Snake and frog (accept similar) |