Term

Name every eukaryotic structure found in animals and their function + details. (except cytoskeleton)

Definition

nucleus: - controls the metabolic activities of the cell - contains genetic information in the form of DNA - double membrane called nuclear envelope with small holes called nuclear pores (if it has DNA its a double membrane) nucleolus: - area within the nucleus which produces ribosomes - made of proteins and RNA - RNA used to produce rRNA which combines with proteins to form ribosomes cell surface membrane: - phospholipid bilayer with proteins - controls movement of substances in and out of the cell mitochondria: - site of aerobic respiration - contains a small amount of DNA (so double membrane) - inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae vesicles: - single membrane sacs containing fluid - they transport materials inside the cell lysosomes: - forms of vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes - break down waste material in cells including old organelles smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): - network of membranes responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): - flattened membrane sacs covered in ribosomes - synthesis and transport of proteins ribosomes: - no membrane - site of translation (protein synthesis) golgi apparatus: - stack of flattened membrane sacs - modifies and packages proteins into vesicles

Term

Name the organelles in and associated with the cytoskeleton + function and details.

Definition

microfilaments: - fibres formed from the protein actin - involved in cell movement microtubules: - globular tubulin proteins polymerised - tubes that form a scaffold-like structure that determines the shape of the cell intermediate fibres: - give mechanical strength to cells centrioles: - cylinder of microtubules - organises spindle fibres during cell division in animal cells cilia: - hair-like projections from the cell surface made of microtubules - move substances across the cell surface flagella: - long whip-like projections made of microtubules - propel cells through liquid

Term

Name every eukaryotic structure found in plants + function and details

Definition

cellulose cell wall: - supports cell, maintains shape, prevents bursting chloroplast: - contains DNA and ribosomes (so double membrane) - fluid enclosed in it called stroma which contains enzymes - internal network of membranes which form flattened sacs called thylakoids, several of called grana - site of photosynthesis - contains green pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light energy permanent vacuole: - single-membrane called tonoplast - filled with cell sap - maintains turgor pressure and keeps cell rigid