How do bacteria store their DNA?

They have one large circular chromosome

How do pili help bacteria?

It helps them stick to things.

How do flagella help bacteria?

The tail helps it swim.

Describe the shapes of bacteria that were mentioned in the notes.

Rod shaped (Bacillus bacteria) and Round shaped (Coccus bacteria)

How is an aerobic bacteria different from an anaerobic bacteria?

They have different oxygen requirments.

What are gram negative and gram positive bacteria?

The two primary bacteria groups distinguished by their cell structure.

What are the instructions for DNA used for?

It makes the proteins so the cell and grow and survive.

What are the roles of RNA?

It delivers instructions to make the protreins.

Nuclues

Holds DNA

Nucleoulus

Produces Ribosomes

Chloroplast

Uses photosynthesis to make sugar (only in plants)

Mitocondria

Makes energy from sugar to atp usable energy

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Rough ER

Folds modifies and transports proteins

Golgi bodys

Packages and ships proteins to their destination

Centrioles

Helps with cell division

Cell wall

Stiff extra layer around the cell

Smooth ER

Makes and breaks down lipids

Lysosome

Breaks down and digests cell waist

Cell Membrane

Controls what goes in and out the cell

What structures are found in plant cells, but not animal cells?

Chloroplast

What structures are found in animal cells, but not plant cells?

Cytoskeleton

Where are phospholipids found?

Makes up most of the cell membrane

What is a phospholipids basic structure?

The head is hydrophillic and the tail is hydrophobic

Define what passive transport is.

No energy is needed

Define what diffusion is and provide examples of diffusion.

The net movement of a molecule or atoms from an area of high concentration or low concontraion

What changes can affect the rate of diffusion?

Amount of concentration

Define what osmosis is.

The net movement of molecules across a semipormiable membrane towards are concentration solute.

Hypertonic

Higher concentration

Hypotonic

Lower concentration

What changes can affect the rate of osmosis?

How fast water moves in a semipormibale membrane

What is the role of an aquaporin?

rapidly and selectively transport water molecules in and out of cells

Describe what happens to an animal cell when it is In an isotonic solution

Same amount of water moves in and out

Describe what happens to an animal cell when it is In a hypertonic solution

Cell Shrinks and shrivles

Describe what happens to an animal cell when it is In a hypotonic solution

Cell may expand or explode

Describe what happens to a plant cell when it is In an isotonic solution

Same amount of water moves in and out

Describe what happens to a plant cell when it is In a hypertonic solution

Cell membrane shrivles/pulls away from the cell wall plasmolysis

Describe what happens to a plant cell when it is a hypotonic solution

Cell wall keeps it from exploding called turgent

Define what facilitated diffusion is.

The diffusion of molecules or ions through a protein channel transportproteins in the membrane.