A- or An-

without,no

Ab-

away from

Ad-

toward

dys-

difficult, abnormal

eu-

good, normal. easy

endo-

inside, within

ex-, exo-

outside, out of

hyper-

high, excessive

hypo-

low, below normal

inter-

between

intra-

within

poly-

many, excessive

oligo-

little, scant

pre-

before

post-

after

sub-

under, below

super-, supra-

above, excessive

infra-

below

epi-

on, upon, above

extra-

outside

meta-

beyond, change

per-

through, throughout

trans-

across

branchy-

short

dolicho-

long

brady-

slow

tachy-

fast

contra-

opposite, against

crypt/o-

hidden

dis-

apart, away

glyc-, gluc/o-

sugar, glucose

hemi-

half

mal-

poor, bad

necro-

death, dead tissue

neo-

new

pseudo-

false

py/o-

pus

cata-

down, against

cardi/o-

heart

neur/o-

nerve

gastr/o-

stomach

enter/o-

intestine

hepta/o-

liver

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

hemat/o, hem/o

blood

derm/o-

skin

oste/o ,oss/e, oss/i

bone

chondr/o-

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

my/o-

muscle

fibr/o, fibros/o

fibrous tissue

tend/o, tendin/o, ten/o, tendon/o

tendon

ligament/o

ligament

fasci/o, fasci

fascia

aponeur/o-

aponeurosis

crani/o-

skull

cost/o-

rib

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebra

rhin/o, nas/o

nose

gloss/o

tongue

ophthalm/o

eye

ot/o

ear

trache/o

trachea

laryng/o

larynx

pulmon/o

lung

aden/o

gland

onych/o

nail or claw

hyster/o, uter/o

uterus

ovari/o

ovary

peritone/o

peritoneum

-ectomy

surgical

-pexy

surgical fixation or suturing to stabalize

-plasty

surgical repair

-stomy

surgically created opening

-tomy

incision or cutting into

-centesis

surgical puncture

-rrhapy

surgical suturing

-rrhexis

rupture

-algia, -dynia

pain

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlargement

-malacia

abnormal softening

-pathy

disease

-sclerosis

abnormal hardening

-oma

tumor or mass

-emia

blood condition

-osis

abnormal condition; sometimes infestation or infection depending on the term

-iasis

condition, often infestation

-esis

condition/ process in certain terms

-genesis

origin or formation

-ism

condition

-phagy

eating

-phobia

fear

-plasia

growth or formation

-pena

breathing

-emesis

vomiting

-rrhea

flow or discharge

-rrhegia, -rrhage

bursting forth, excessive bleeding

-ive

preforms or tends to

-ia

state or condition

-ion

action, process, or condition

dental arcade

arrangement of teeth in mouth

lingual

tooth surface facing the tongue

buccal

tooth surface facing the cheek; also called vestibular

maxilla

upper jaw

mandible

lower jaw

palatal

near the hard palate/roof of the mouth

occlusal

tooth surface used for chewing

labial

tooth surface facing the lips

contact surface

tooth surface that touches another tooth

mesial

tooth surface closest to the midline

distal

tooth surface farthest from the midline

adduction

movement toward the midline

abduction

movement away from the midline

flexion

decreases the angle of a joint

extenstion

straightens or increases the angle of a joint

supination

rotates the palmar or plantar surface upward

pronation

rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward

rotation

turning around an axis

epiphysis

wide end of a long bone; proximal or distal

diaphysis

long shaft/portion of the bone

physis

growth plate made of cartilage

metaphysis

wider region near the growth plate

periosteum

tough fibrous tissue covering the outside of bone

endosteum

tissue lining the medullary cavity

articular cartilage

covers joint surfaces of bones

medullary cavity

inner cavity of a long bone

synarthrosis

no movement; fibrous connection

amphiarthrosis

slight movement; connected by cartilage

diarthrosis

freely movable

scapula

shoulder blade

clavicle

collarbone

humerus

upper arm

radius

cranial forearm bone

ulna

caudal forearm bone

carpal bones

wrist region; carpus in small animals

metacarpals

beyond the carpus; splint/cannon bones in large animals

phalanges

bones of the digits

pelvis

hip region

llium

wing shaped pelvic bone

ischium

caudal pelvic bone

pubis

joins at the midline/pubic symphysis

acetabulum

socket in the pelvis for the femur

femur

thigh bone

patella

kneecap; large sesamoid bone

stifle

animal term for knee region

tibia

larger, weight bearing bone of the rear leg

fibula

long, slender bone of the rear leg

tarsal

ankle-region bones; can fuse in large animals, forming the hock region bones

metatarsals

beyond the tarsus; cannon bone in livestock

phalanges

digits, as in the front limb

abductor

moves away from the midline

adductor

moves toward the midline

flexor

decreases joint angle

extensor

straightens/increases joint angle

levator

raises

depressor

lowers

rotator

turns around an axis

supinator

rotates the palmar/plantar surface upward

pronator

rotates the palmar/plantar surface downward