A benign tumor is: a) Cancerous and invasive b) Non-cancerous and non-invasive c) Metastatic d) Caused only by viruses

Non-cancerous and non-invasive

When cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, it’s called: a) Mutation b) Oncogenesis c) Metastasis d) Apoptosis

Metastasis

Proto-oncogenes normally: a) Prevent cell division b) Promote healthy cell growth and division c) Repair damaged DNA d) Destroy cancer cells

Promote healthy cell growth and division

When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a(n): a) Benign gene b) Tumor suppressor c) Oncogene d) Apoptotic factor

Oncogene

Tumor suppressor genes, like p53, function to: a) Speed up cell division b) Prevent tumors by controlling the cell cycle c) Mutate easily under stress d) Create oncogenes

Prevent tumors by controlling the cell cycle

Viruses can cause cancer by: a) Inserting their genes into host DNA or causing chronic inflammation b) Killing cancer cells c) Reducing immune response d) Repairing damaged DNA

Inserting their genes into host DNA or causing chronic inflammation

Which virus is linked to cervical and throat cancers? a) Influenza b) HIV c) HPV d) Epstein-Barr

HPV

What vaccine helps prevent HPV-related cancers? a) MMR b) Gardasil c) Polio d) Varivax

Gardasil

Which of the following is not a known risk factor for cancer? a) Smoking b) UV light exposure c) Old age d) Regular exercise

Regular exercise

Which is not a cancer treatment? a) Chemotherapy b) Immunotherapy c) Targeted drugs d) Antibiotics

Antibiotics

The 1998 paper claiming a vaccine-autism link was: a) Proven true b) Unverified but still accepted c) Fraudulent and retracted d) Supported by new data

Fraudulent and retracted

ASD primarily affects: a) Motor skills only b) The immune system c) Social communication and behavior d) The cardiovascular system

Social communication and behavior

The rise in ASD diagnoses is mostly due to: a) An autism epidemic b) Increased awareness and better diagnostic criteria c) Vaccination rates d) Environmental pollution

Increased awareness and better diagnostic criteria

Which of the following can contribute genetically to ASD? a) Chromosomal inversions and mutations b) Low vitamin D c) High sugar intake d) Viral infections only

Chromosomal inversions and mutations

ASD is more common in: a) Girls, due to stronger social skills b) Boys, possibly due to fewer neuroprotective factors c) Adults over 50 d) Populations with low vaccination rates

Boys, possibly due to fewer neuroprotective factors

Early brain differences in ASD are seen: a) During middle childhood b) Only after puberty c) In infancy d) Not until adulthood

In infancy

Which of the following is not a known ASD risk factor? a) Older fathers b) Maternal inflammation during pregnancy c) Early antidepressant exposure d) Eating gluten

Eating gluten

The fraudulent vaccine-autism study was authored by: a) Louis Pasteur b) Andrew Wakefield c) Edward Jenner d) Jonas Salk

Andrew Wakefield

Which of the following statements about ASD is true? a) It has a single known cause b) It can be diagnosed through a blood test c) It exists on a spectrum of severity and symptoms d) It always results in intellectual disability

It exists on a spectrum of severity and symptoms

Which treatment or prevention method is most effective for ASD? a) Behavioral and educational therapy b) Antibiotics c) Vaccination d) Chemotherapy

Behavioral and educational therapy