おはよう（ございます） ohayō (gozaimasu)

First greeting of the day lit: o-early (polite.existential)

こんにちは konnichiwa

Daytime greeting not otherwise specified lit: this-day-wa

こんばんは konbanwa

Evening greeting lit: this-evening-wa

お休み（なさい） oyasumi (nasai)

Good night lit: o-rest.conj (polite.do.imp)

行って来ます itte kimasu

I'll be back later, see you later (said when leaving) lit: go-te come.to.here

行ってらっしゃい itterasshai

See you later, hurry back, be safe, take care (said when staying) lit: go-te-come.in.do.passive.imperative (all very contracted)

ただいま tadaima

Just now (I got home), right away, here I am, I'm home, presently lit: simply now

お帰り（なさい） okaeri (nasai)

Welcome home lit: o-return.home (polite.do.imp)

さようなら sayōnara

Farewell, adieu (indefinite goodbye, not recommended) lit: that.way-if.then

失礼します shitsurei shimasu

excuse me, pardon me, I'm leaving now, thank you for your time ("I feel bad for doing this before you"; this is pretty formal) lit: rudeness do.polite

じゃあ、またね jaa, mata ne

see ya later, I'm out for now, until next time, looks this is it for today huh? (note this phrase can be shortened) lit: well, again eh

お疲れ（様） otsukare (sama)

good work today, nice job today, you got through it, take it easy now, I appreciated your efforts today (should be used with desu/deshita depending on if the other person is done working or not) lit: o-fatigue.conj (sama)