Unit 1

Created by Chayenne Burns

Governor’s powers
The legal and political authorities held by a state governor, including appointment, budget, and removal powers.

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TermDefinition
Governor’s powersThe legal and political authorities held by a state governor, including appointment, budget, and removal powers.
National Governors’ AssociationA bipartisan organization of U.S. governors that advocates policy positions and coordinates state‑level priorities.
Governor as presidential pipelineThe pattern by which state governors gain national visibility and sometimes become U.S. presidents.
Political eliteA small group of influential leaders who dominate political decision‑making in a state or region.
Voter turnoutThe percentage of eligible voters who participate in elections; noted as low in Georgia in the slide.
Traditionalistic political cultureA culture that emphasizes social hierarchy and deference to established elites in politics.
Individualistic political cultureA culture that treats politics as a marketplace where individuals pursue private interests and participation is optional.
Direct actionPublic tactics such as protests, boycotts, and demonstrations used to press for change outside formal institutions.
BoycottA coordinated refusal to buy or use goods or services to pressure change.
DemonstrationA public gathering or protest to express political or social demands.
ReferendumA direct vote by citizens on a specific policy or law; often used for limited or local issues.
Recall electionA procedure allowing voters to remove an elected official before the end of a term; often limited by state law or executive removal powers.
State constitutionThe fundamental legal document that establishes a state’s government structure, powers, and citizen rights.
Sovereignty of statesThe principle that states possess independent authority to write constitutions and govern internal affairs within the federal system.
Living documentThe idea that a constitution is adaptable over time through amendments, interpretation, and revision.
AmendmentA formal change or addition to a constitution; Georgia’s older constitutions accumulated hundreds of amendments.
Reconstruction constitutionA post‑Civil War state constitution created under Reconstruction governments, often replaced by later conservative documents.
Confederacy constitutionA short‑lived state constitution adopted when Georgia joined the Confederate States during the Civil War.
Constitutional revision commissionA legislatively appointed body that studies and proposes comprehensive constitutional changes or a new constitution.
Bill of Rights (state)The opening section of many state constitutions that lists and protects individual civil liberties and rights.
Local government empowermentConstitutional provisions that define and authorize the powers of counties and cities within the state.