Traffic Control

Provides for the safe and orderly movement of traffic; to resolve conflicts between vehicles, vessels, or aircraft, and to the extent possibles, to minimize the cost of transportation.

External Control System

A system where traffic movement is controlled or guided by an external or centralized authority.

Automated Control System

A system that provides automatic control of vehicle operation.

Traffic Signals

operate by assigning the right-of-way successively to the various traffic movement movements at an intersection.

Fixed Time

Traffic signals that operate using cycles and phases of predetermined length, regardless of actual traffic conditions.

Traffic actuated

Traffic signals that adjust their timing and phases based on real time traffic demand using detection devices.

Impulse Detectors

Devices that register the passage of a vehicle at a specified point.

Presence Detectors

Devices that detect and register the presence of a vehicle so long as it remains within the range of the detector.

Semi actuated signals

The green signal "rests" on the main road unless there are actuation on the side street.

Fully actuated signals

Signal timing is fully adjusted based on traffic demand from all directions.

Volume Density Control

An advanced feature of traffic actuated signals that adjusts green time based on the traffic volume and vehicle spacing (density).

Freeway Control Systems

are designed to reduce traffic congestion and delays, provide fast response to incidents, and inform drivers about road conditions and hazards.

Incident Detection and Response

refers to the process of identifying unexpected events on the freeway, such as accidents, vehicle breakdowns, and sudden congestion.

Ramp Metering

is a traffic control strategy that regulates the flow of vehicles entering the freeway through the use of traffic signals on entrance ramps.

Platoon Breakup Metering

is designed to separate groups of vehicles entering the freeway at the same time.

Demand Capacity Metering

controls the number of vehicles entering the freeway based on its capacity.

Gap Acceptance Metering

allows vehicles to enter the freeway only when there is a suitable gap in the traffic stream.\

Rail Traffic Control

Depending on the density of traffic, traffic control for rail systems varies in sophistication from no external control (train operators responsible for avoiding collisions) to highly sophisticated automatic systems.

Air Traffic Control

Air transportation poses some unique navigation and control problems.

Traffic Operation

Is the science of how people and vehicles move on our streets.

Traffic Control and Management

focus on ensuring the safe, efficient, and orderly movement of vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists on roadways.

Traffic Control Devices

are tools used to guide and regulate road users. These include signs,signals, and pavement markings, as well as temporary devices like cones and barricades used during construction or emergencies.

Traffic Signs

are standardized visual symbols placed along roads.

Transportation Planning

shapes future transportation systems by considering demand, land use, economy, environment and institutions.

The Rational Planning Process

views transportation planning as a logical, step by step method of problem solving.

The Political Planning Process

emphasizes how decisions are actually made, often shaped by organizational interest, crises and proposals rather than comprehensive plans.

Planning Regulations

refer to the rules, laws, and guidelines that govern how transportation systems are planned, developed, and implemented.

Corridor Studies

Focus on transportation between two defined points.

Financial Studies

Focus on identifying funding requirements and potential revenue sources for transportation projects.

Impact Studies

Analyze the effects of transportation projects on land use, travel behavior, and development patterns.

Subarea Studies

Focus on smaller, less linear areas such as central business districts or neighborhoods.

Institutional Studies

Examine how transportation programs are organized and managed.

Planning Study Organization

refers to the structured process of conducting transportation studies.

Harbors

is a protected area of water where ships can safely anchor, dock and transfer passengers or cargo.

Wave

movements of water caused mainly by wind blowing over the sea surfaced.

Wind

is the main cause of waves.

Tide

are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.

Shallow Water Waves

occur when the water depth is less than half of the wavelength.

Deep Water Waves

are those which occur in water having a greater than one-half of the depth wavelength.

Significant Wave Height

is the average height of the highest one third of waves in a wave record.

Saint Venant and Flamant Theory

a water particle at the surface of deep water wave oscillates about a point whose height above the still water.

Long Waves

also called infragravity waves, have a wave period of 30 seconds to several minutes.

Mooring

is the process of securing a vessel to a fixed structure such as a pier, quay, or dock using ropes, chains, or cables .

Bollards

are short, heavy duty vertical posts installed on docks when mooring lines are fastened.

T head Bollard

Features a top shaped like a T suitable for high angle mooring lines handling loads up to 300 tonnes.

Kidney-Shaped Bollard

Suitable for low to medium tidal ranges and provides a secure, economical option.

Low Traffic Density High Traffic Density

TWO TYPES OF TRAFFIC DENSITY

Manual Detection Automatic Detection

Methods of Detection

Platoon Breakup Metering Demand Capacity Metering Gap Acceptance Metering

TYPES OF RAMP METERING

Road User Vehicles Roadways

BASIC ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC FLOW

Regulatory Signs Warning Signs Guide Signs

TYPES OF TRAFFIC SIGNS

Natural Harbor Artificial Harbor

Types of Harbors