nonvascular plant

vascular plant with seed

vascular plant non-seed

meristematic tissue

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

muscular tissue

nervous tissue

parenchyma(simple tissue) PARENT

most common cells in plants -photosynthesis, support, storage transport

collenchyma(simple tissue) COLON

found near surface of stems, leaf petioles, veins -support to young plant organs

sclerenchyma(simple tissue)

thickened cell walls, may contain lignin-> polymer for strength (fiber) -structure, support, protect seeds (SSS)

complex tissue

composed of many cell types

simple tissue

composed of one cell type

xylem(complex tissue) XYLOPHONE

transport water and minerals from roots to leaves(one way)

phloem(complex tissue) PHO=2

transport products of photosynthesis throughout the plant(two ways)

ground(complex tissue)

consists of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells -photosynthesis, storage, structural support

dermal(complex tissue)

composed of epidermis, guard cells, trichomes, root hairs

epidermis

covered by waxy cuticle

trichomes COMB

hair that provides protection

Angiosperms

flowering plant -seed plants have reproductive structures (fruit + flowers) -after fertilization-> ovary becomes fruit -fruit protects embryo from desiccation + helps in dispersal by wind and animals

in angiosperms, where do seeds develop?

seeds develop from ovule

seed characteristics of angiosperms

enclosed + protected inside ovaries of parent sporophyte plant

angiosperm: FLOWERS

attract pollinators +reproductive structures

angiosperm: CARPELS

protect ovule, then develop into fruit

double fertilization

produce embryo + food source(endosperm)

endosperm

provide nutrients for developing embryo

reduced gametophytes

reproduction less dependent on water, allow efficient reproduction

pollen

carries sperm to egg

MALE PLANT STRUCTURE

STAMEN ^anther=produce pollen ^filament=support anther

FEMALE PLANT STRUCTURE

PISTIL ^carpel ^stigma=sticky surface that receives pollen ^style= connect stigma to ovary ^ovary=contains ovules ^ovules=contains female gametophyte/egg

sepals

protects developing flower

receptacle

supports flower structure

angiosperm reproduction cycle

2n plant → meiosis → n spores → n gametophytes → n sperm + n egg → 2n embryo n sperm + n + n polar nuclei → 3n endosperm DOUBLE fertilization = 2n embryo + 3n endosperm.

porifera (sponge)

multicellularity(animals) , NO TRUE TISSUES

cnidaria(jellyfish)

tissues, radial symmetry

flatworms

bilateral symmetry, NO body cavity

Rotifera

pseudocoelom( not completely lined by mesoderm, similar to nematoda), FIRST body cavity

nematoda

molting(shed outer cuticle for growth+development), pseudocoelom

true coelom, protostome development

segmentation(metamerism), division of body

jointed appendages, molting

echinodermata

deuterostome development(during embryonic development, blastopore became anus)

chordata

notochord, segmentation, jointed appendage

Kingdom Animalia

-multicellular eukaryotes that LACK cell walls -heterotrophic(require C & N for development) -cells organized(except Porifera) -reproduce sexually -majority of life in diploid stage

Radial Symmetry

central axis

Bilateral Symmetry

straight down

diploblastic (cnidaria)

2 ectoderm+endoderm

triploblastic

3 ectoderm, endoderm,mesoderm

SPONGE

NO TRUE TISSUE NO SYMMETRY

ectoderm (outer skin) EXIT DERMATOLOGY

become epidermis and nervous system

endoderm( INNER SKIN)

lining of digestive tract(gut)

become muscle, reproductive organs, circulatory, skeletal

acoelomate (a=without)

NO COELOM

coelomate

coelom with direct mesoderm

pseduocoelomate (pesudo=false)

lacks mesoderm directly around coelom

sac-like gut

gastrovascular cavity, mouth

tube-within-a-tube

mouth to anus

open circulatory system

blood flow freely in body cavity

closed circulatory system

blood contained within vessels

simple diffusion

gas pass straight through skin(NO ORGAN NEEDED)

gills

feathery organs that take O out of water

lungs

internal air sacs, O in blood-> blood delivers to cells

tracheal system

air tube carry O straight to cells (air enter through spiracles)

Excretory system

Simple diffusion, osmoregulation, kidneys,nephridium, flame cells, Malpighian tubules, etc

osmoregulation

control water and salt in body, NO ORGAN

kidneys

filter blood, remove waste

nephridium

paired tubes in each segment collect waste from coelom fluid +release it outside (ANNELIDS,MOLSUCS)

flame cells

tiny climated cells in pores, filter waste, regulate water (FLATWORMS)

Malpighian tubules

tubes attached to gut, pull waste from blood+dump to gut->feces,

locomotion

Flagella, cilia, crawling, or appendages

flagella

whip like tail(moves water), SPONGE or SPERM(single celled)

cilia

tiny hairs (FLATWORMS)

crawling

muscle contractions (clams)

appendages

limbs or outgrowth (arthropods, vertebrae)

support system

endoskeleton exoskeleton hydrostatic skeleton

endoskeleton

bone cartilage, hard support IN body

exoskeleton

hard shell/covering on OUTSIDE (clam)

hydrostatic skeleton

fluid held under pressure inside cavity(NOT HARD, earthworms, clay worms)

segmentation (worm vs beetle)

multiple body parts

appendages

feeding, fighting, fleeing, feeling, production

nervous system

Neural net, neurons, sensory organs or nervoussystem (CNS/PNS)

neural net

neuron spread evenly through body

neurons

individual nerve cells send electrical signals

sensory organs

detect environment (eyespots)

CNS=central nervous system

process info

PNS=peripheral nervous system

carry signal to and from

meristematic

growing/dividing actively