Encoding
refers to the creation of new memories
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Encoding | refers to the creation of new memories |
| Semantic Encoding | the encoding of words and their meaning |
| Visual Encoding | the encoding of images |
| Automatic Processing | encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words |
| Acoustic Encoding | the encoding of sounds |
| Self-Reference Effect | the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance |
| Storage | refers to where we retain or create a permanent record of information |
| Recall | accessing information without cues |
| Recognition | occurs when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again |
| Relearning | involves learning information that you previously learned |
| Sensory memory | storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes (stimuli from the environment is first processed here) |
| Short Term/Working Memory | a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory |
| Long Term Memory | the continuous storage of information (capacity for this is said to be unlimited) |
| Elaborative Rehearsal | thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stores in your memory |
| Rehearsal | repetition of information to be remembered |
| Explicit Memory | those who we unconsciously try to remember, recall, and report |
| Implicit Memory | memories that are not part of our consciousness |
| Procedural Memory | type of long-term memory for making skilled actions (such as how to brush, how to drive a car, and how to swim) |
| Declarative Memory | type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience |
| Episodic Memory | describes an autobiographical memory of things that we have personally experienced |
| Semantic Memory | types of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts |
| Elaborative Encoding | involves connecting the new memory to more existent memories |
| Chunking | organizing information into manageable bits or chunks |
| Misinformation Effect | after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event |
| Flashbulb Memories | are highly rich, highly detailed memories of significant moments in your life |
| Cue-dependent Forgetting | describes memories that still exist, but there is a lack of cues to activate them in the conceptual network |
| Proactive Interference | old information hinders the recall of newly learned information |
| Retroactive Interference | information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information |
| Amnesia | loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma |
| Anterograde Amnesia | inability to learn new memories |
| Retrograde Amnesia | inability to recall old memories |