Encoding

refers to the creation of new memories

Semantic Encoding

the encoding of words and their meaning

Visual Encoding

the encoding of images

Automatic Processing

encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words

Acoustic Encoding

the encoding of sounds

Self-Reference Effect

the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Storage

refers to where we retain or create a permanent record of information

Recall

accessing information without cues

Recognition

occurs when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again

Relearning

involves learning information that you previously learned

Sensory memory

storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes (stimuli from the environment is first processed here)

Short Term/Working Memory

a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory

Long Term Memory

the continuous storage of information (capacity for this is said to be unlimited)

Elaborative Rehearsal

thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stores in your memory

Rehearsal

repetition of information to be remembered

Explicit Memory

those who we unconsciously try to remember, recall, and report

Implicit Memory

memories that are not part of our consciousness

Procedural Memory

type of long-term memory for making skilled actions (such as how to brush, how to drive a car, and how to swim)

Declarative Memory

type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience

Episodic Memory

describes an autobiographical memory of things that we have personally experienced

Semantic Memory

types of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Elaborative Encoding

involves connecting the new memory to more existent memories

Chunking

organizing information into manageable bits or chunks

Misinformation Effect

after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event

Flashbulb Memories

are highly rich, highly detailed memories of significant moments in your life

Cue-dependent Forgetting

describes memories that still exist, but there is a lack of cues to activate them in the conceptual network

Proactive Interference

old information hinders the recall of newly learned information

Retroactive Interference

information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information

Amnesia

loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma

Anterograde Amnesia

inability to learn new memories

Retrograde Amnesia

inability to recall old memories