PSY 120 Chapter 8 (Memory)

Created by Jenet Leyva

Encoding
refers to the creation of new memories

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TermDefinition
Encoding refers to the creation of new memories
Semantic Encoding the encoding of words and their meaning
Visual Encoding the encoding of images
Automatic Processing encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sounds
Self-Reference Effect the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance
Storage refers to where we retain or create a permanent record of information
Recallaccessing information without cues
Recognition occurs when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again
Relearning involves learning information that you previously learned
Sensory memory storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes (stimuli from the environment is first processed here)
Short Term/Working Memorya temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
Long Term Memory the continuous storage of information (capacity for this is said to be unlimited)
Elaborative Rehearsal thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stores in your memory
Rehearsal repetition of information to be remembered
Explicit Memory those who we unconsciously try to remember, recall, and report
Implicit Memory memories that are not part of our consciousness
Procedural Memory type of long-term memory for making skilled actions (such as how to brush, how to drive a car, and how to swim)
Declarative Memory type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience
Episodic Memory describes an autobiographical memory of things that we have personally experienced
Semantic Memory types of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts
Elaborative Encoding involves connecting the new memory to more existent memories
Chunking organizing information into manageable bits or chunks
Misinformation Effect after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event
Flashbulb Memories are highly rich, highly detailed memories of significant moments in your life
Cue-dependent Forgetting describes memories that still exist, but there is a lack of cues to activate them in the conceptual network
Proactive Interference old information hinders the recall of newly learned information
Retroactive Interferenceinformation learned more recently hinders the recall of older information
Amnesia loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma
Anterograde Amnesia inability to learn new memories
Retrograde Amnesia inability to recall old memories