What activity made the post emancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

A "carpetbagger" was

a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?

It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses.

The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create

the first national biracial democracy in world history.

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans. (t or f)

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent. (t or f)

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators. (t or f)

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party (t or f)

True

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction." (t or f)

True

(Q001) The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?

Statue of Liberty

(Q003) Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.

the Grange

(Q004) Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that

the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.

(Q010) Which of the following was a major factor in the creation of a rapid and profound economic revolution in the United States after the Civil War?

abundant natural resources

(Q011) By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

Q016) The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of

removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."

(Q018) In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was

disproportionate, as the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.

(Q019) The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

(Q024) What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

(Q027) Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

a pan-Indian movement that involved singing, dancing, and religious observances

(Q030) William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was

an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.

(Q031) In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from

a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.

(Q032) In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.

Munn v. Illinois

(Q034) Which of the following were sources of violence in America during the Gilded Age?

white supremacist southern attacks on African Americans

(Q037) In what year did Congress grant citizenship to all Native Americans?

1924

(Q040) With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America. (t or f)

False

(Q041) By 1890, the majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states. (t or f)

True

(Q042) The West was a remarkably homogeneous region--only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse. (t or f)

False

(Q053) By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget. (t or f)

True

(Q054) American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership. (t or f)

False

Which of the following was a strategy of the Populists?

holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community

What product ultimately led to the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian Islands in the late 1890s?

sugar

Which of the following was a principle of the American Federation of Labor

Labor should avoid entanglement in politics to avoid patronage and corruption

Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion

a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources

The "subtreasury plan" was

a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold

The ideas of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called

the Lost Cause

The Redeemers in the South

slashed state budgets and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools

Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African Americans migrated to

Kansas

Who was the African American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?

Booker T. Washington

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

the Spanish-American War

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay regarding China

the Open Door Policy

What were critics of immigration worried about during this time period

declining birth rate among white women

In 1903, for the first time in U.S. history, Congress passed a law declaring that a person holding a specific political viewpoint could be banned from entering the nation. These were the

anarchists

What U.S. President, a century after the rise of exclusionary immigration laws passed by Congress in the late 1800s, generated a bitter public and international debate for launching an effort to build an actual wall along the U.S.-Mexico border?

President Donald Trump

In 1875, as sentiment arose to restrict Chinese immigration, Congress passed a law excluding which of the following people from entering the country?

Chinese women

Ironically, the Farmers' Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers. (t or f)

False

Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times. (t or f)

True

The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba whenever it saw fit. (t or f)

True

In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks. (t or f)

True

In 1900, the Foraker Act declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory" meaning it was different from previous territories in the West (t or f)

True

(Q004) Causes of the "new immigration" included

the outbreak of revolutions and warfare outside of the United States.

(Q007) Of all the mass consumption activities, this was the most popular form of mass entertainment.

vaudeville

(Q008) In her influential book, Women and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reinforced this idea.

Women's freedom lay through the workplace rather than only the domestic scene.

(Q009) Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as

the moving assembly line.

(Q011) During the Progressive era, economic production shifted from capital goods to

consumer products.

(Q013) Which of the following is attributed to Louis D. Brandeis?

He felt the foremost social problem in America was the contradiction between political liberty and industrial slavery.

(Q016) Which of the following is attributed to William "Big Bill" Haywood?

He was accused of instigating the murder of a former anti-union governor.

(Q017) The series of mass strikes called the "Uprising of the 20,000" in New York included

immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively with their employers.

(Q019) Those who embraced the new "bohemia" included

people who rejected conventional rules and practices.

(Q020) A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger

opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.

(Q024) President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the

"Square Deal."

(Q028) The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes

a loosely defined political movement of people who hoped to bring about social and political change in American life.

(Q030) The Progressive era was a time of

explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, increased industrial production, and a "Golden Age" for agriculture.

(Q036) The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was

an attack by an armed militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.

(Q041) Why did the Society of American Indians form in 1911?

It was formed to provide Native Americans with remedies for social injustice.

(Q046) Cities expanded so rapidly that by 1920 for the first time more Americans lived in towns and cities than in rural areas. (t or f)

True

(Q048) By 1910, more than 40 percent of New York City's population had been born abroad. (t or f)

True

(Q051) By 1912, the Socialist Party had dwindled, losing many of their political office posts and lessening ties with radical newspapers and magazines. (t or f)

False

(Q052) The American Federation of Labor mainly represented unskilled industrial workers. (t or f)

False

(Q055) One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men. (t or f)

True

(Q001) A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was

"Dollar Diplomacy."

(Q002) The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

(Q004) This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.

War Industries Board

(Q005) The Committee on Public Information (CPI) flooded the country with prowar propaganda, describing Germany as

a nation of barbaric Huns led by an autocratic Kaiser aligned against freedom.

(Q009) The "Open Door" Policy refers to

a key principle of U.S. foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade and investment.

(Q010) President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image was called

liberal internationalism.

(Q012) Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. marines landed in Caribbean countries

more than twenty times.

(Q013) President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of

the Russo-Japanese War in Asia of 1905.

(Q015) The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called

the Roosevelt Corollary.

(Q016) Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of

William Taft.

(Q019) Which of the following was a military technology used during World War I?

airplanes

(Q020) How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?

10 million

(Q023) The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and

after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram.

(Q027) Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?

Alice Paul

(Q031) The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?

Tulsa, Oklahoma

(Q040) Following the outbreak of World War I, the Allied and Central Powers each acted to block American trade with their adversaries. (t or f)

True

(Q045) Most Progressives opposed America's entry into World War I as jingoistic, imperialist venturing. (t or f)

False

(Q046) By 1918, the wealthiest Americans were paying 60 percent of their income in taxes. (t or f)

True

(Q051) Twenty million people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I. (t or f)

True

(Q053) Ten of the twelve states that by 1916 had adopted women's suffrage were carried by Wilson in the election that year; without women's votes, Wilson would not have been reelected. (t or f)

True

(Q005) In the spring of 1932, approximately 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945, and were

driven away by federal soldiers led by army chief of staff Douglas MacArthur.

(Q006) Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed whose case became a cause célèbre?

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

(Q010) In early 1929, the income of the wealthiest 5 percent of American families was greater than that of the bottom

60 percent.

(Q011) The West's leading industrial center, a producer of oil, automobiles, aircraft, and Hollywood movies, was

Los Angeles, California.

(Q013) The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was

the Equal Rights Amendment.

(Q014) Upon taking office in 1921, Warren G. Harding promised a return to

normalcy.

(Q018) During the 1920s, a group whose most well-known leader was Billy Sunday and who asserted their conviction in the literal truth of the Bible became known by which term that they coined?

fundamentalists

(Q019) In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public schoolteacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

the Scopes Trial

(Q021) The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called

the Harlem Renaissance.

(Q022) The Immigration Act of 1924 created this organization, which was charged with policing the land boundaries of the United States and empowered to arrest and deport persons who entered the country in violation of the new national quotas or other restrictions.

the U.S. Border Patrol.

(Q024) President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did which of the following?

offer aid to homeowners threatened with foreclosure

(Q025) Which of the following were addressed in the Johnson-Reed, or Immigration, Act of 1924?

the establishing of no limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere

(Q026) At the beginning of 1929, most American families had accumulated

no money in their savings accounts.

(Q027) This law, considered a major achievement of the maternalist reformers, provided federal assistance to programs for infants and children's health. However, it was later repealed by Congress in 1929.

Sheppard-Towner Act

(Q030) What two countries were not subject to immigration quota limitations under the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924?

Canada and Mexico

(Q035) American agriculture slid into economic depression years before the stock market crash of 1929. (t or f)

True

(Q036) In 1928, Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith was the first Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party. (t or f)

True

(Q037) The 1920s was a decade of social tensions between rural and urban Americans, as well as traditional and "modern" Christianity. (t or f)

True

(Q040) By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios. (t or f)

True

(Q046) Business leaders like Henry Ford and engineers like Herbert Hoover were cultural heroes in the 1920s. (t or f)

True

(Q002) In the 1930s, unusually dry weather blew winds over much of the Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado soils, creating

the Dust Bowl.

(Q003) What did the Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution state?

It repealed the prohibition against alcohol.

(Q005) This person broadcasted sermons and traveled the country as a revivalist preacher from the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, utilizing elaborate sets, costumes, and special effects borrowed from the movie industry.

Aimee Semple McPherson

(Q006) As part of the New Deal, which multifaceted agency was established in 1934 and hired some 3 million Americans, in virtually every walk of life, each year until it ended in 1943?

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

(Q008) This New Deal program sought to improve the conditions of poor landowning farmers and sharecroppers.

Farm Security Administration

(Q009) Which of the following is true of Franklin D. Roosevelt?

He contracted polio and lost the use of his legs in 1921.

(Q011) In addressing the sense of crisis in the nation, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to reassure the public in his inaugural address, declaring

"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

(Q012) The initial flurry of legislation during Roosevelt's first three months in office is called

the "Hundred Days."

(Q015) The Civil Works Administration (CWA) employed more than 4 million people in

construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports.

(Q016) The effort undertaken on the part of the federal government to supply cheap electrical power for homes and factories in a seven-state region, preventing flooding, and putting the federal government in the business of selling electricity by building a series of dams was called

the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).

(Q020) In the mid-1930s, unions of industrial workers, led by John L. Lewis, founded a new labor organization, called

the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

(Q021) Which of the following was one of the "voices of protest" heard in the United States during the mid-1930s?

Dr. Francis Townsend's Townsend Clubs that sought monthly payments of $200 to elderly Americans

(Q023) Which of the following was created by the Social Security Act of 1935, launching the modern American welfare state?

a system of unemployment insurance

(Q024) What 1935 law outlawed "unfair labor practices," and was known at the time as "Labor's Magna Carta"?

the Wagner Act

(Q030) What were the policy implications of the Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935?

It offered free transportation to those who were born in the Philippines and were willing to return there

(Q035) The Supreme Court rarely interfered with the policies of the New Deal. (t or f)

False

(Q036) The 1930s were a decade of dramatic social upheaval. (t or f)

True

(Q039) The 1936 election saw the crystallizing of the "New Deal coalition." (t or f)

True

(Q040) While the status of Mexican-Americans improved markedly under the New Deal, that of American Indians grew substantially worse. (t or f)

False

(Q042) Russia and Germany suffered under the respective tyrants Stalin and Hitler during the 1930s. (t or f)

True