manufactured goods

traded from England to America

slaves

traded from Africa to the Caribbean or America

tobacco

traded from America to England

sugar

traded from the Caribbean to America

middle colonies

region that was most diverse aka "melting pot" of settlers

corn

most common food crop in America

King Philip

son of Massasoit was Metacomet

The colonial legislature, or elected assembly, has the "power of the _______________" because it paid the governor's salary and financed government activities.

purse

poll tax

common tax in some colonies that citizens had to pay before they could vote

rice

main crop in the tidewater areas of the southern colonies since the tides could be used to raise and lower the water levels in the fields

By the early 1700s natural increase had a greater impact than immigration on the growth of the colonies.

TRUE

The vast majority of slaves brought to the New World were sent to the American colonies.

FALSE

The Indian population in New England was cut in half by wars, disease, and the flight of many Indians in the area.

TRUE

The primary colonial tax paid by the colonists was a property tax paid by anyone who owned land.

TRUE

The vast majority of southern colonists were wealthy plantation owners.

FALSE

New England has long growing seasons and rich fertile soil which is good for farming.

FALSE

Great Migration

The wave of immigrants that came from Europe to America in the early years

frontier

an undeveloped area at the edge of the settled area

Appalachian Mountains

formed the western boundary of the British colonies for over one hundred years

Wagon Road

the main north-south pathway from Pennsylvania to Georgia

Conestoga

Travelers on the wilderness trails often used these to carry their belongings.

Wilderness Road

The route Daniel Boone helped clear through the Appalachian Mountains

subsistence

farmers who could raise just enough crops and livestock to provide for their families

plantations

large forms in the South that grew cash crops often with slave labor

triangular trade

network of routes between Africa, the Americas, and Europe

praying towns

places where Indians who became Christians could learn about the Bible and European law, manners, and town life

Pequot War

was a 1637 war between the Massachusetts Bay colonists and the neighboring Indians in which the colonists ambushed an Indian fort, killed many Indians,

King Philip's War

was a three-year conflict (1675-78) between the Indians and New England colonists in which at least six hundred colonist and two thousand Indians were killed, including Metacomet.

Bacon's Rebellion

the conflict in Virginia between frontier settlers and the colonial government

militia

the local army of a colony

justices of the peace

governors appointed judges, who held trails, settled disputes, collected taxes, granted licenses, recorded property deeds, and served other public needs

freeholders

free adult white male property wonders who could vote for representatives

township

in New England the basic unit of government

frontier dangers

settlers faced skirmishes with Indians and classes between ethic groups

common New England colony occupations

merchants, fishermen, whalers, and shipbuilders

economic activity in the southern colonies

agriculture was the main activity, growing food crops, and cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo on large plantations using slave labor

economic activity in the middle colonies

the good soil allowed for growing crops that included corn, oats, barley, and wheat; raised livestock; skilled workers used lumber to make barrels and wagons; Western settlers trapped furs and traded with Indians.

motives for wanting to convert Indians to Christianity

1. a true concern for Indians' souls 2. wanting the Indians to become civilized, settled farmers which would make them more Europeans and safer to live alongside

differences between slavery in the southern colonies, middle colonies, and New England

The South's economy was based on cash crops. The more labor a farmer had the more land he could plant and harvest. In the middle and New England colonies, the harvest seasons were shorter and mostly food crops were grown, so slave labor was less profitable. Slaves in the northern colonies were used as servants. New England shipbuilders and slave traders profited greatly from the slave trade even if they did not own slaves.

reasons for major conflicts between Indians and colonists

Settlers were living on lands the Indians had inhabited for many years. Indians believed in tribal ownership of land, while Europeans believed in private property and permanent ownership. Most colonists did not pay the Indians for the land on which they settled, and Indians were being pushed off land that they depended on for food. Indians realized the colonists had more powerful weapons. Also, as Indians became more dependent on trade with the colonist, Indian leaders became less influential to their tribes.