1 bbl to gallons

42 U.S. gallons

1 hp in terms

33,000 ft * lbf/min

1 ft to meter

0.3048 meters

1 MMscf to scf

10^6 scf

GOR (gas-oil ratio)

standard gas produced / barrel of oil

API gravity

141.5/SG(60f) - 131.5

Load on derrick

drill string + traveling block + crown block + tension on fast line + tension on dead line

Fast line and dead line

1/n(pulleys) (drill string + travelling block)

Power

Force * velocity

horsepower of hoist/rig

(poundage carrying * velocity (ft/min)) / 33,000

Torque on lever

Force * length

Torque on bit (bit torque)

(9550 * Power(kN)) / n (rpm)

surface torque

bit torque + friction torque

friction torque force (friction torque)

friction coefficient * Normal force * radius of pipe

Pressure

P initial + 0.052 * MW(ppg) * TVD

Pressure gradient

0.052 * mud weight (MW)(ppg)

equivalent mud weight density (EMW) (equivalent mud weight)

p / (0.052 * TVD)

Darcy flow

(Kf * area * change in pressure) / (mew(cP) * length)

v max (max velocity of a hook under a rigs power)

(33,000 * power(hp)) / weight

C1 - C4

gases

C5 +

liquid

sedimentary clastic rock

creates pores between the grains, primary drilling rock

superposition

unaffected stack of rock/layers

horizontality

sediments are deposited on a horizontal basis

cross-cutting

when a older layer's fault effects the younger layers

anticline

concave down compression

syncline

concave up compression

throw

total fault displacement

reverse fault

more vertical fault

thrust fault

very horizontal fault

Darcys laminar flow

below 2300 Re

Darcys turbulent flow

above 4000 Re

heterogeneity

changes based on location

anisotropy

changes based on direction

capillary pressure

pressure difference across a curved surface between two mixed fluids in a small space

interfacial tension

the tension of the light, stretch film on the surface of a fluid

wettability

ability for a fluid to remain in contact with the surface when another immiscible fluid is present

drainage

nonwetting displaces wetting

imbibition

wetting fluid displaces nonwetting

residual trapping

disconnection or bypassing leaves immobile fluid(no displacement)

drill string parts

drill pipe, collars, jar, bit

prime movers

the generator of the entire system

rotary table system(what each part does)

kelly(rotates pipe), kelly bushing(rotates kelly), rotary table(rotates kelly bushing), swivel(suspends the pipe), hose(circulates mud), cheap, medium torque

top drive system

expensive, high torque, connects everything directly to one system on the top of the drill string

downhole motor

hydraulic force to power it, all components are down well, expensive, low torque

bingham vs. newtonian vs. power law

Bingham has y initial, Newtonian is purely linear from 0, power law is a parabola

mud tanks

storage, mixing, dilution

mud pumps

flow rate, pressure

standpipe and rotary hose

carrys high pressure mud

flowline

directs returns

shale shaker/centrifuge

solid control

conductor casing

to protect shallow well

surface casing

2nd layer after conductor casing

intermediate casing

to protect from rough areas of the wellbore

liner w/ tieback

ties string lines to the wellhead

overbalance psi

assumed there was too much psi based on the mud and TVD

underbalance psi

assumed there was less psi based on the mud and TVD

screenout + reasoning

narrow passage is blocked, you see pressure readings go up, possibly because fluid leakoff led to there being a lot of proppant per litre

pad proppant

fluid without proppant

slurry proppant

fluid with proppant

flush proppant

flushes the fluid with proppant

shut in proppant

operation stops

hybrid rotary

weaker build, less MD per well access, sharper turn

conventional rotary

gradual turn, stronger build, less well access per MD