Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. |
| Nucleotide bases | Nucleotide bases are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. |
| Polynucleotide | Long chain of nucleotides. |
| Phosphodiester Bond | Bond linking two nucleotides between sugar of one and phosphate of the next. |
| Base Pairing Rule | A pairs with T (2 H-bonds), G pairs with C (3 H-bonds). |
| DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) | a biological macromolecule that carries hereditary information in many organisms. |
| RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) | Its role is to act as a messenger, carrying instructions from DNA to control the synthesis of proteins and putting the genetic code into action; in some viruses, RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information. |
| mRNA | Uracil; messenger RNA: molecule that carries copies of DNA instructions to other parts of the cell |
| tRNA | Amino acid; transfer RNA: molecule that transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the coded messages. |
| rRNA | Ribosome; ribosome RNA: made up of RNA, makes proteins. |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme that is required for transcription for transcription to occur and is similar to DNA polymerase in DNA replication. Binds to DNA and separate the strands, then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which to assemble complementary nucleotides |