20 mark structure E.g.(Evaluate religious responses to moral issues arising from responses to crime. )

One response to crime....(expand) Example of response... Moral issue arising from response to crime. Religious response/viewpoint... As a consequence of this..(would/n't agree) Another consequence of this (prefer ___) I dis/agree with response to _ extent bc... I also dis/agree with response to _ extent bc...

Cause of Crime: Poverty

may lead people to do things that they wouldn't normally do out of necessity e.g. steal food

Moral issue: Poverty

someone may in poverty due to no fault of their own so in that case would it be morally wrong to punish them

Cause of Crime: Addiction

people may commit crime due to a dependency on their addiction, so they have to find a way to support/fund their addiction

Moral Issue: Addiction

A person only has an addiction due to the decision to start, does this make them responsible for their actions from their addiction.

Cause of Crime: Mental Health

people may commit crimes due to the way that they perceive the world e.g. someone is schizophrenic and believes that they must kill someone else to survive

Moral Issue: Mental Health

while the way they act is not their fault it is still necessary to protect the public, is it morally okay to punish someone to protect others

Cause of Crime: Childhood deprivation

someone may commit crimes as it is the world that they have grown up in and the way of life that they understand, difficult for them to find another way of life

Moral Issue: Childhood deprivation

not all people from deprived backgrounds do this so is it morally okay to punish someone for taking the easiest path in life that they know

Cause of Crime: Hate

when a person harms a group, minority or individual due to their race, religion e.g.

Moral Issue: Hate

It is discriminatory and means that the offender believes that they believe they are superior to their victim

Cause of Crime: Greed

Someone may commit a crime for personal gain if they want something they do not need

Moral Issue: Greed

they may be taking something from those that need it

Cause of Crime: Peer pressure

Purpose of punishment: Retribution

when an offender is harmed equally to the harm they caused as punishment to establish justice

Moral issue: Retribution

- creates a cycle of violence - makes us as bad as the criminal - doesn't make the offender a better person

Purpose of punishment: Reformation

when an offender is punished in a way that aims to make them a better person and restore them to a normal life without crime

Moral Issue: Reformation

- some offenders have done terrible things and don't deserve reformation - it is an insult to the victims for the offender not to get a proper punishment - no way to know someone is reformed/they might not learn their lesson with just a 'slap on the wrist'

Purpose of punishment: Deterrance

when and offender is punished in a way that tries to deter them or others from committing crimes for fear of consequences

Moral Issue: Deterrance

- it is wrong to use someone as an example - doesn't work for all crimes e.g. crimes of passion

Purpose of punishment: Protection

when an offender is punished in a way that protects the public from further harm e.g. taking them into custody

Moral Issue: Protection

- some forms may protect most of society but not other people like other inmates or prison staff - for most crimes protection is temporary so they can cause crime after their sentence has ended

Responses to Crime: Custodial Sentence

when an offender is taken into custody as part of their punishment e.g. prison or psychiatric ward

Problems with custodial sentences

- prisons are 'universities of crime' criminals will just leave knowing how to commit more crime - prisoners often have mental health issues and prisons have high suicide rates - reoffending rates are high, 75% of released prisoners end up in prison again within 9 years

Responses to Crime: Capital Punishment

is the legal killing of an offender as punishment for a crime

Moral Issue: Capital Punishment

- an innocent person could be sentenced to death which is irreversible - in the US there is a racial bias and black people are more likely to be sentenced to death which is unfair - violates the sanctity of life

What is the definition and example of a custodial sentence?

when an offender is taken into custody as part of their punishment for a period of time. E.g. prison or psychiatric ward

Moral issues related to prisons?

- if prisons are universities of crime offenders will lean how to commit new crimes instead of learning their lesson or becoming a better person. - many people in prisons have mental health issues and suicide rates are high. - reoffending rates are high: 75% of released are back within 9 years

What is the definition and example of a non custodial sentence?

punishments where the offender is not taken into custody. E.g. electronic tagging, fines or community service

Moral issues related to non custodial sentences?

- it is too lenient so offender may not learn their lesson - too lenient so no justice for victims or their families - May effect people differently, £100 fine might mean very little to a rich person but could be a massive expense to a poor person - people may not fear the consequences of committing a crime

What is the definition and example of capital punishment?

the legal killing of an offender by the state as punishment for a crime they have committed

Moral issues related to capital punishment?

- an innocent person could be sentenced to death which is an irreversible miscarriage of justice - Takes away the chance for the offender to become a better person and to reform. - In the US, there is a racial bias which means you are more likely to get sentenced to death if you are a black minority. This seems very unfair. - Violates the sanctity of life – that human life is precious (related to the Christian idea of being created in God’s image).