What makes a group?

Structured interaction, shared goals, and a clear identity

Forming overview

Individuals meet and begin communicating

Forming key details

Meeting each other, learning personalities, feeling unsure

Storming overview

Stage of chaos where people test roles

Storming key details

Conflict appears, cohesion develops, social skills tested

Norming overview

Group rules and communication patterns are established

Norming key details

Meeting routines, decision‑making, norms and roles

Performing overview

Group functions as a united team

Performing key details

Members cooperate and work effectively together

Cohesion definition

The level of unity and togetherness in a group

Compromise definition

Giving up some desires so others’ needs can be met

Commitment definition

Giving time and effort toward group goals

Respect definition

Listening and treating others with understanding

Communication definition

Sharing ideas clearly and speaking kindly

Participation definition

Being involved in an activity

Values definition

Beliefs about what is important

Values in sport

Dedication is important in all sports

Attitudes definition

Internal feelings toward something or someone

Attitudes in sport

Feelings toward school, training, or injury

Behaviour definition

Outward actions toward someone or something

Behaviour in sport

Anger at referee or showing sportsmanship

Imagery definition

Mentally recreating a skill or performance using senses

Internal imagery

Seeing the performance from your own POV

External imagery

Seeing yourself from an outside observer view

Self‑talk definition

Talking or thinking to yourself to improve performance

Relaxation definition

Activities that reduce stress and tension

Goal‑setting definition

Planning and working toward a specific objective

Performance routines definition

Rituals before, during, or after performance

Mental skills list

Motivation, self‑confidence, concentration, arousal regulation, stress management

The zone

Ideal physical performance created by ideal mental state