Earth Age

4.6 billion years

Earliest Protists

1.5 billion years

First Multicellular Organisms

650 million years

Green Algae

Has cellulose cell walls, store food as starch, contain both chlorophyll a and b

Spriogyra: Body Form

Filamemt

Spirogyra: Outer Covering

plasma membrane covered by a cellulose cell wall

Spirogyra: Ploidy Level

Normally haploid

Spirogyra: Nutrition

Autotrophic

Does spirogyra normally go through sexual reproduction?

No, only when conditions are bad or for genetic variation

Conjugation

Sexual reproduction, transfer of DNA

Archegonium

Contains eggs

Antheridium

Contains sperm

First characteristic to plants when they moved to land

Preventing desiccation, has a cuticle (a waxy material) covering leaves and stems

Second characteristic to plants when they moved to land

Support for body, roots and vascular tissue

Third characteristic to plants when they moved to land

Obtaining resources for growth, roots and shoots

Fourth characteristic to plants when they moved to land

Gas exchange, CO2 and O2 using stomata

Fifth characteristic to plants when they moved to land

Fertilization of Gametes, some sperm have flagella (or pollen) Have specialized gametangia (antheridia and archegonia)

Sporophyte

Multicellular diploid individual

Sporangium

Location of spore formation and meiosis

Gametophyte

Multicellular haploid individual

Gametophyte Generation

Haploid

Sporophyte Generation

Diploid

Gametophytes produce what

Gametangia (two types)

Sporophytes produce what

Sporangia that produce spores (n) by meiosis

Bryophytes

Moss

Charophytes

Spirogyra and Chara

Monilophyte

Fern