what was the name of the union that included skilled and unskilled workers?

industrial unions

who was the largest oil industrialist of the era

John D Rockefeller

Why was the 1896 court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, so important?

validated the South's segregationist social order.

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal?

investors of credit mobilier overcharged Union Pacific (nearly bankrupt) and received millions of dollars

what was vertical integration and who pioneered it

Company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for operation, Andrew Carnegie

where old and new immigrants came from

old- northern and western europe, germany new- eastern and southern, russian, polish, italian

what was the importance of the Pendleton Act

created to eliminate spoils and patronage, certain federal jobs would be based on competitive exams

What were the Jim Crow Laws

Southern state laws that enforced segregation (separation of the races).

Name of the political club that controlled NYC democratic Party

Tammany Hall

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens

What was horizontal integration and who pioneered it?

Combining firms in the same business into one large corporation, John D. Rockefeller

what is a monopoly?

When a single company achieves control of an entire market, it becomes a

What was the Interstate Commerce Act?

affirmed federal governments right to regulate RR activities, was a response to farmers complaints about unfair pricing

What did W.E.B. DuBoise advocate?

Proposed African Americans concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political

What did the Sherman-Antitrust Act state?

made illegal all attempts to monopolize any part of trade or commerce in the U.S.

what were trusts?

attempted to get around laws against monopolies, able to manipulate prices and quantity without regard to laws of supply and demand.

What did Robber Barrons do?

employed children, women, and immigrants for low wages, resisted unions

What was the idea of laissez-faire?

let them be/hands off

what business did Carnegie operate

Revolutionized steel production, Built the Carnegie Steel Co.

What business did Rockefeller operate?

largest oil refiner, industrialist of horizontal integration

what business did Vanderbilt operate?

Biltmore House and Gardens

what business did Morgan operate?

Banking & Finance, Purchased Carnegie Steel and created U.S. Steel Corporation

what did Booker T. Washington advocate?

Believed African Americans needed to focus on equal treatment and voting rights

how did the Haymarket riot affect the knights of labor

undermined its reputation

what was the importance of President Garfield's assassination

highlighted the need to reform the political system

what did Samuel Gompers found

American Federation of Labor

what was the idea of Social Darwinism in American society?

An idea used by industrialists of the late 1800s to discourage government interference in business.

what were the three tactics southern states used to take away the african american vote

literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses

what was the pacific railway act

provided for the construction of a transcontinental railroad by two corporations

what was the idea behind marxism

workers would revolt and seize factories & overthrow the gov, new gov. would seize all private property & create society where wealth was evenly divided

reasons for US industrial success

abundance of raw materials, settlement of the west, its natural resources accelerated industrialization