Quiz 9
Created by sadie welcome
LES dysfunction
Regurgitation of stomach contents; possible hiatal hernia; does not affect absorption or gastric emptying
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
LES dysfunction | Regurgitation of stomach contents; possible hiatal hernia; does not affect absorption or gastric emptying |
Esophageal mucosal layer functions | Mucus secretion, enzyme secretion, absorption, barrier to pathogens |
Esophageal mucosal layer NOT functions | Movement of GI contents; fat storage |
Swallowing voluntary phase | Oral phase moving bolus to posterior pharynx |
Swallowing involuntary phases | Pharyngeal and esophageal phases; peristalsis; epiglottis closure |
Aspiration prevention in dysphagia | Lean forward with chin tuck |
Omentum | Highly mobile; moves with peristalsis; cushions organs; provides insulation |
Mesentery | Holds intestines in place; attaches jejunum and ileum to abdominal wall |
Interstitial cells of Cajal | GI pacemakers generating slow waves |
Slow wave frequency | 3/min stomach; 12/min duodenum |
Sympathetic effect on slow waves | Decreases amplitude and motility |
Myenteric plexus | Controls gut motility |
Submucosal plexus | Controls secretion and blood flow |
Parasympathetic effect | Increases motility |
Sympathetic effect | Decreases motility |
Pyloric stenosis | Projectile vomiting, weight loss, colic-like pain, fetal position after feeding |
EA/TEF | Requires surgery; prevents normal swallowing/breathing; aspiration risk |
C. difficile diarrhea | Inflammation → increased peristalsis; hyperactive bowel sounds |
Segmentation waves | Mixing only, not propulsion |
Brush border enzyme deficiency | Malabsorption of carbs/proteins; worst meal = roast beef + baked potato |
Lactase deficiency | Dairy causes abdominal pain and diarrhea |
Colon mass movements | Large segment contractions |
Haustrations | Mixing movements, not propulsion |
Anal sphincters | Control defecation, not colon motility |
CCK | Inhibits food intake; stimulates pancreatic enzymes |
Ghrelin | Stimulates appetite |
Gastrin | Stimulates gastric acid production |
Secretin | Inhibits gastric acid; stimulates bicarbonate release |
NSAID ulcers | Disrupt mucosal barrier; allow H+ entry; decrease prostaglandins |
Stress ulcers | Sympathetic inhibition of Brunner glands → ↓ alkaline mucus → duodenal irritation |
Normal intestinal flora functions | Ferment carbs; produce vitamins (K); aid absorption |
Antibiotics effect on flora | Decreased fermentation, decreased vitamin absorption, increased diarrhea |
Fat digestion | Requires bile salts and pancreatic lipase; absorbed in upper jejunum |
Long-chain fatty acids | Not absorbed directly into portal blood |
Water absorption | Requires sodium + glucose; best treatment = oral rehydration solution |
Saliva functions | Lubrication, protection, antimicrobial, begins starch digestion |
Saliva NOT functions | Pepsin secretion, acid secretion, defense weapon |
Sympathetic effect on saliva | Dry mouth |
Vomiting | Forceful expulsion of stomach contents |
Retching | Rhythmic spasms without expulsion |
Nausea in MI | Hypoxia stimulates CTZ |
H2 blockers | Block histamine on parietal cells → decreased acid (e.g., cimetidine) |
PPIs | Decrease gastric acid; increase infection risk (e.g., omeprazole) |
Nonselective adrenergic blockers | Increase motility → diarrhea |
Anticholinergics | Decrease motility → constipation |
Opioids | Decrease motility → constipation |
Pyloric valve failure | Regurgitation of bile/duodenal contents → gastric ulcers → GI bleeding |