What does the Cranial Cavity contain?

houses the brain

What does the abdominal cavity contain ?

stomach, liver, intestines

What does the vertebral cavity contain :

the spinal cord

What is located between abdominal and Thoracic cavity?

the diaphragm

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

heart and lungs

Put the following negative feedback events in the correct order.

1. A receptor monitors a variable. 2. Information about the variable is sent to the control center. 3. The control center evaluates the value of the variable compared to the set point. 4. If necessary, the control center causes an effector to respond. 5. The effector produces a response that maintains homeostasis.

Chemical Level ?

Collagen molecules create a ropelike fibers.

Cell Level ?

Molecules combine to form the ribosomes.

Tissue Level

multiple muscle cells combine in function to form the bicep brachii.

Organ Level

different tissue types combine to form an organ

Organ System Level

the lower and upper respiratory organs function together to create the respiratory system.

organismal level

multiple organelles of bacterium work together to create an organism.

Living organisms share a number of characteristics. These unifying characteristics separate them from non-living things. For each of the following statements, check the statements that correctly distinguish living things from non-living things.

- All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. -Only living organisms can sense environment changes and respond accordingly. - Only living organisms (populations) are capable of evolving. -Only living organisms require an input of energy to drive cellular activities. -All living organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external environment change. -All living organisms grow by increasing cell size and/or cell number.

organization

the interrelationship among parts of an organism that interact to perform a function.

Metabolism

all of the chemical reactions that are taking place within an organism

Responsiveness

ability to sense and react to stimuli

growth

increase in size or number of overall cells

development

changes an organism undergoes over time

Reproduction

formation of new cells or new organisms.

In the Human Microbiome Project, five significant regions of the human body were examined. From the list below, identify areas where samples were taken. Check all that apply.

skin, mouth, GI tract, Vagina, and airway

Sagittal Plane

Transverse Plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

longitudinal section

cut through the long axis of an organ

Transverse (cross section)

right angle to the long axis

Oblique

through the long axis at the other than a right angle.

Microbe

any living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Microbiota

The total population of microbial cells on the human body.

Microbiome

the combination of these microbial cells and their genes.

integumentary system

skin, hair nails and sweat glands

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligament and joints

muscular system

muscles, tendons

Lymphatic System

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

Respiratory system

contains lungs and respiratory passages

digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors,

Endocrine System

Glands that secrete hormones

Cardiovascular system

heart, blood, blood vessels

Urinary System

Kidneys, Urinary bladder

Female reproductive system

ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands

male reproductive system

Testes, associated ducts, and penis

Location of serous membrane

lining the trunk cavities, covering organs within trunk cavities

Parietal pericardium

Visceral Pericardium

Visceral Peritoneum

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

Parietal Peritoneum

visceral pleural

covers the lungs

Pleural Cavity

contains the lungs

Heart region

mediastinum

The disruption to Renzo's homeostasis caused by his blood sugar which remain ____ following a meal.

Too high

Typically, blood sugar levels return to normal after eating due to the activity of insulin which is created by cells in the

pancreas

However, Renzo's body produced the insufficient insulin which results in a ____ uptake of sugar from his blood.

Decrease

It has been suggested that humans and microbes are completely interconnected and involved in the development and maintenance of which following systems? Check all that apply.

immune & digestive system

cell physiology

processes within and between cells

systemic physiology

functions of an organ system

neurophysiology

physiology of the nervous system

cardiovascular physiology

functions of the heart and blood vessels

Put the following events in the correct order to describe how negative feedback controls blood pressure. Rank the options below. - Nerves send information about blood pressure to the control center (the brain). Nerves send information about blood pressure to the control center (the brain). -Receptors in the wall of a blood vessel detect that blood pressure has decreased. - Nerves from the brain send signals to the effector (the heart) to increase stroke rate and volume. -Nerves from the brain send signals to the effector (the heart) to increase stroke rate and volume. - Blood pressure is restored to its normal levels.

2 1 3 4

sural region

calf

acromial

point of shoulder

olecranon

back of elbow

Lumbar

Femoral

pertaining to the thigh

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

Developmental anatomy

embryology

cytology

examines the structural features of cells

histology

microscopic study of tissues, which are composed of cells and the material that surrounds them.

Gross Anatomy

Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

anatomical term for "towards the head"

cephalic , cranial

layers of epidermis from deepest to superficial

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

stratum Corneum

contains 20-30 layers of dead cornified cells

stratum basale

Singler layer of cuboidal of columnar cells.

Thin, clear zone consisting of several layers of dead cells

stratum Lucidum

Stratum granulosum

3-5 layers of flattened diamond shaped cells.

8-10 layers of many sided cells

stratum spinosum

deeper layers of the skin responsible to most of its structural strength

dermis

outermost layer of the skin, consist of epithelial tissue

epidermis

Connects to the skin to underlying structure, contain adipose tissue

subcutaneous tissue

dermal root sheath

dense dermis surrounding the hair follicle

sebaceous gland

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

matrix of the hair

hair papilla

dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair

types of skin that are considered thick skin?

Characteristics of thin skin

-covers majority of the body - flexible -fewer layers of cells -lucidum is absent - hair is only found here

hair shaft

protrudes above the surface of the skin

medulla

central axis of the hair

Dermal root

portion of the dermis that surrounds the epithelial root sheaths.

Contains the hair; consists the epithelial and dermal root sheats

hair follicle

Hair bulb

Expanded knob at the base of the hair root.

Root

portion of the hair that is below the surface of the skin

Cortex

forms the bulk of the hair, consists of cells containing hard keratin

cuticle

outer layer of the hair; single layer of cells containing hard keratin

Matrix

mass of epithelial cells, within the bulb that produce the hair.

sebaceous gland

usually connected by ducts and upper part of hair follicles

Usually open directly onto the surface of the skin through pores

eccrine sweat glands

description of cuticle

portion of the stratum corneum of the nail fold that grows on to the nail.