What new crops developed in Georgia and why?
Major new crops: Sea Island cotton on the coast and, later, short‑staple cotton
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What new crops developed in Georgia and why? | Major new crops: Sea Island cotton on the coast and, later, short‑staple cotton |
| What was the Yazoo fraud and how was the matter finally settled? | What it was: The Yazoo land fraud (1794–95) involved corrupt sales of vast western lands (present‑day AL/MS) to insiders at bargain prices; public outrage led to repeal of the act How settled: The state rescinded the sale, but buyers sued; the U.S. Supreme Court later upheld contracts (Fletcher v. Peck), and under the Compact of 1802 the federal government purchased Georgia’s western claims and compensated claimants as part of the settlement |
| What Georgian led the fight against the Yazoo sale? | Leader against Yazoo: James Jackson resigned his U.S. Senate seat, returned to Georgia, and led repeal efforts |
| How did Georgia distribute the rest of its land after the Yazoo fraud? | Land distribution after Yazoo: Georgia moved from corrupt sales to land lotteries (1805–1833) to distribute former Indian lands to settlers by chance and eligibility rules |
| By the Compact of 1802, in exchange for ceding its western lands to the federal government, what did Georgia get? | What Georgia received: $1.25 million from the United States and a federal promise to extinguish Indian land titles in Georgia in return for ceding its western claims (the Yazoo lands) to the federal government |
| Name Georgia’s capitals 1733-1865 (first to last). | Savannah → Augusta → Louisville → Milledgeville; Atlanta |
| Why did Georgia support the decision to go to war against Great Britain in 1812? | Georgia backed the War of 1812 because British maritime policies and impressment threatened commerce and honor, because Britain was seen as arming and encouraging Native American resistance on Georgia’s frontier, and because many Georgians hoped war would open Spanish Florida to American settlement and security |
| Explain the difference between the two Creek factions in Georgia and Alabama. | The Creek split into Upper Creeks (traditionalist “Red Sticks”) who resisted American cultural and land pressures, and Lower Creeks (accommodationists) who adopted many Euro‑American practices and often cooperated with U.S. authorities; the split produced civil war (the Red Stick War) and large land cessions after the Red Sticks’ defeat |
| Why did the Red Sticks go to war in 1813? In what battle were they decisively defeated | Reaction to land loss, cultural pressure, and Tecumseh’s pan‑Indian message; the conflict escalated with attacks like Fort Mims and culminated in the Red Sticks’ decisive defeat at Horseshoe Bend (1814) by Andrew Jackson’s forces |
| With what two men, who represented the Creek nation, did Georgia most often negotiate? Why? | Georgia most often dealt with Alexander McGillivray (earlier) and William McIntosh |
| What happened to William McIntosh? | After signing controversial land cessions (Treaty of Indian Springs), William McIntosh was executed by Creek law in 1825 for violating tribal law and ceding communal land without council approval |
| The Cherokee were considered the most advanced of the Southeastern Native American groups. Why? What symbols of progress had the Cherokee developed by 1830? | The Cherokee adopted a written syllabary (Sequoyah), a written constitution, schools, printing (Cherokee Phoenix), Christianity, farms, and private property—symbols of political and cultural adaptation by 1830 |
| What effect did the discovery of gold at Dahlonega have on the process of Cherokee removal? | Effect of Dahlonega gold (1828): The gold discovery triggered a rush of miners, state claims on Cherokee land, and accelerated removal pressure that undercut Cherokee sovereignty and hastened forced removal policies |
| How did the Cherokee resist removal? Why did it fail? | The Cherokee used legal action and assimilation (written laws, schools, a constitution) and won in the Supreme Court; Why it failed: The ruling was not enforced by state and federal authorities; political pressure, state actions, and the later Treaty of New Echota produced removal despite the Court’s decision |
| What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia? | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) held that Georgia’s laws had no force in Cherokee territory and that only the federal government could regulate Indian affairs |
| What did the Treaty of New Echota do and who signed it? | The Treaty of New Echota (Dec 29, 1835) ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. and provided relocation payments; it was signed by a minority Treaty Party (including Major Ridge, John Ridge, Elias Boudinot) — not by Principal Chief John Ross or the Cherokee National Council |