BIOL-101 Lab Practical 1 review (1-7)
Created by R Whittin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Meter (m) | standard unit of length |
Gram (g) | standard unit of mass |
Liter (L) | standard unit of volume |
Celsius (°C) | standard unit of temperature |
Independent variable | factor changed by experimenter |
Dependent variable | factor measured in experiment |
Control variables | factors kept constant |
Control group | group not receiving treatment |
Experimental group | group receiving treatment |
Observation | noticing a problem or pattern |
Question | what you want to investigate |
Hypothesis | testable prediction |
Experiment | procedure to test hypothesis |
Data collection | recording results |
Analysis | interpreting results |
Conclusion | accepting or rejecting hypothesis |
Reference source | basic facts (textbooks, encyclopedias) |
Primary source | original research article |
Secondary source | summary of primary sources |
Popular press | general audience articles |
Most valid source | primary source |
Magnification | making image larger |
Resolution | clarity; separating two points |
Contrast | difference between specimen and background |
Benedict’s test | detects sugar |
Benedict’s positive | orange/red |
Benedict’s negative | blue |
Iodine test | detects starch |
Iodine positive | blue‑black |
Iodine negative | yellow/brown |
Sudan IV test | detects lipids |
Sudan IV positive | red layer/droplets |
Sudan IV negative | no color change |
Biuret test | detects protein |
Biuret positive | purple/violet |
Biuret negative | blue |
Nucleus | stores DNA |
Nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
Ribosomes | protein synthesis |
Rough ER | protein production |
Smooth ER | lipid production |
Golgi apparatus | packages and ships molecules |
Mitochondria | makes ATP |
Lysosomes | digestion |
Centrioles | cell division |
Cell membrane | regulates entry/exit |
Cell wall | structure and support |
Chloroplast | photosynthesis |
Central vacuole | water storage |
Coccus | round bacteria |
Bacillus | rod‑shaped bacteria |
Spirillum | spiral bacteria |
Gram‑positive | purple; thick peptidoglycan |
Gram‑negative | pink/red; thin peptidoglycan |
Solvent | dissolving agent |
Solute | substance dissolved |
Solution | solute + solvent mixture |
Diffusion | movement high → low concentration |
Osmosis | water diffusion across membrane |
Hypertonic | water leaves cell |
Hypotonic | water enters cell |
Isotonic | no net water movement |
Crenation | animal cell shrinks |
Lysis | animal cell bursts |
Turgid | plant cell swollen |
Plasmolysis | plant membrane pulls from wall |
Surface area‑to‑volume ratio | smaller cells diffuse faster |
Phenolphthalein acid | colorless |
Phenolphthalein base | pink |
Temperature | higher = faster |
Molecule size | smaller = faster |
Concentration gradient | steeper = faster |
Medium | gas > liquid > solid |
Surface area | larger = faster |