Kofun Period

300-538

Asuka Period

538-710

Nara Period

710-784

Heian Period

784-1185

Establishment of ritsuryō government in Heian-kyô

794-late 800s

Ritsuryō system declines, rise of “royal court state” (ōchō kokka) and Fujiwara power

early 900s

Growth of shôen (tax-exempt estates)

650s-900s

Fujiwara Regency Era

970-1068

Insei (cloister government)

1068-1185

Kamakura Period

1185-1333

Muromachi Period

1338-1573

Tokugawa or Edo Period

1600-1868

Meiji Era

1868-1912

Taishō Era

1912-1926

Shōwa Era

1926-1989

Heisei Era

1989-2019

Reiwa Era

2019-present

Paekche Kingdom

18 BCE – 660 CE

Sui Dynasty

581-618

Later or Unified Silla Kingdom

668-935

Tang Dynasty

618-907

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

907-979

Song Dynasty

960-1279

Koryŏ Kingdom

918-1392