Culture hearths

The location where different cultures appeared around the world

Language families

Groups of languages that share common characteristics

Culture region

The location in which a particular language family is spoken

Nation

A large group of people with a common history and language, who have developed a strong sense of identity

Ethnic groups

A people or nation that shares a common birth

Cultural diffusion

The spread of culture traits from one culture to another

Autocracy

A government where one individual rules.

Dictatorship

Unitarian system of government, in which all the power lies in the central government, usually by the authority of the military, similar to autocracy, but can have more than one person ruling

Theocracy

Authoritarian system of government, in which the clergy rule and claim that their authority comes from God, allah , or some other deity

Oligarchy

A small group of people holding ultimate authority

Democracy

Elected governments

Republics

Indirect, or representative democracies, where the people elect representatives, who vote on laws

Foreign policy

The set of principles that guides a government’s international Relations

Natural borders

Borders such as oceans, mountains, Rivers, or deserts

Geometric borders

Straight artificial lines, usually following longitude or latitude lines

Cultural boundary

A border drawn to segregate the people of different ethnicities

Diplomacy

The art of negotiating agreements between nations

Economics

The study of the process by which people and countries make a living, buy and sell , grow crops, manufacture goods, and provide services

Capitalism

In economic system, in which private individuals own most of the factors of production, and make most economic decisions

Socialism

The government owns the major industries and promises to make production decisions for the welfare of Society

Command economy

The government determines, which industries are developed, where they’re built, and what they produce

Communism

The most extreme form of socialism, which is a totalitarian form of government, under which the government owns everything

Mixed economy

Attemptto combine elements of capitalism and socialism

GDP

The most common measurement of a country’s Wealth is the gross domestic product.

Industry

Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value

Highly developed countries

Have advanced infrastructure and industrialization

New Lee industrialized countries

Transition from primarily agricultural industries to good producing industries

Developing countries

Economies are primarily based on agriculture

Demography

Study of human populations, and their characteristics

Birthrate

The number of children, born for 1000 people

Death rate

Number of people who die each year per 1000 people

Population distribution

Term used to describe where people used to live

Urbanization

The growth of urban areas at the expense of rural areas

Population density

The average number of people who live on each square mile of land